Glycyrrhizic acid has anti-tumor, antiviral ,antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory,anti-diabetic activities. It is a direct HMGB1(high mobility group box 1) inhibitor that inhibits HMGB1-dependent inflammatory molecule expression and oxidative stress; modulates P38 and P-JNK but not p-ERK signalling; Also inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Glycyrrhizinic acid is a triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. It has a role as an EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a glucosiduronic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a tricarboxylic acid, an enone and a triterpenoid saponin. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhizinate(3-).

Theophylline is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a vasodilator agent, a drug metabolite, an anti-asthmatic drug, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an immunomodulator, a muscle relaxant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. Theophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, which is the most widely used anti-asthma drug worldwide and is classified as a bronchodilator. It has antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions, it also can antagonize flurazepam-induced depression of cerebral cortical neurons.

Glycyrrhetinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an oxo group at position 11 and a carboxy group at position 30. It has a role as an immunomodulator and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a cyclic terpene ketone. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhetinate. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.

Alnustone is a diarylheptanoid. Alnustone has anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic and antiemetic activities. Alnustone is a non phenolic compound found in herbs and spices, and is one of the components of Alpiniae Katsumada i. Alnustone has antiemetic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Obtucarbamate A has antitussive activity, it exhibits significant inhibitory effect against neuroinflammation with the IC50 value of 10.57 uM .

Eupatilin has anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, it inhibits the MKN-1 gastric cancer cell proliferation via activation of caspase-3 and the metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells via down-regulation of NF-κB activity followed by reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated MMPs expressions. Eupatilin inhibits the signalling of MAPK, IKK, NF-κB and eotaxin-1 in bronchial epithelial cells, leading to inhibition of eosinophil migration. Eupatilin is also a promising therapeutic agent against acute ischemia-induced renal damage, it significantly increases the levels of heat shock protein 70 and B-cell lymphoma protein, and it attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and caspase-3 levels. Eupatilin is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-ulcer drug, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone.

Tenuifoliside C is a target lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, it significantly inhibits chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1.