Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Patchouli alcohol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial effects, which may be mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of the mRNA expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. Patchouli alcohol significantly accelerates the recovery of the UV-induced skin lesions, evidently through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action, as well as down-regulation of the MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. Patchouli alcohol is a carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer). It is a sesquiterpenoid, a tertiary alcohol and a carbotricyclic compound.

Melittoside is a glycoside and an iridoid monoterpenoid.

Guaifenesin is also a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Guaifenesin has antitussive effects, it can inhibit the cough-reflex sensitivity in acute viral cough, it is an expectorant commonly by thinning the mucus or phlegm in the lungs.

Sophoricoside has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bone loss, and immunosuppressive effects. Sophoricoside is an effective regulator of lipogenesis and glucose consumption and may find utility in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Sophoricoside exposure reduced the number of implanted embryos in a dose-dependent manner and failed the embryo implantation through altering the morphology of uterine and compromising the endometrial receptivity. Sophoricoside is an acrovestone and an isoflavonoid.

6,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin is a hydroxycoumarin that is 4-methylcuomarin which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. A hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor. It has also been used as a fluorescent sensor to monitor the consumption of a boronic acid in Suzuki coupling reactions; fluorescence is readily detectable by the naked eye using a standard 365 nm UV lamp. It has a role as a hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor, an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent.

Neoliquiritin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Nootkatone, a naturally occurring AMPK activator, can stimulate energy metabolism and prevents diet-induced obesity by activating AMPK. (+)-Nootkatone has antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiplatelet activities. Nootkatone is a strong repellent and toxicant to Formosan subterranean termites, the lowest effective concentration tested is 10 micrograms/g substrate. (+)-Nootkatone has potent inhibitory effect on collagen-, thrombin-, and AA-induced platelet aggregation, it also has a significant inhibitory effect on rat platelet aggregation ex vivo. (+)-nootkatone is a sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer). It has a role as a fragrance, an insect repellent and a plant metabolite. It is a sesquiterpenoid, a carbobicyclic compound and an enone.

Secoxyloganin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is [(2R,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-3-vinyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]acetic acid in which the anometric hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It has been isolated from several plant species and exhibits antioxidant and anti-allergic properties. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-allergic agent and a plant metabolite. Secoxyloganin possesses hepato- protective, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities, it has the perfect protective effect on PRRSV infected cell and with the minimum protection concentration of 6. 25 Âμg/mL.

Taraxasterol acetate is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite.

Ginsenoside Rh3 is a bacterial metabolite of Ginsenoside Rg5, Rh3 has anti-inflammatory effect in microglia by modulating AMPK and its downstream signaling pathways, it may improve chronic dermatitis or psoriasis by the regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α produced by macrophage cells and of IFN-γ produced by Th cells. Rg5 and Rh3 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 18.4 and 10.2 uM, respectively, they may protect memory deficit by inhibiting AChE activity and increasing BDNF expression and CREB activation.