Alliin is an L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by an (S)-allylsulfinyl group. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial agent, a neuroprotective agent, a plant metabolite and a cardioprotective agent. It is a sulfoxide, an olefinic compound, a L-cysteine derivative, a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid and a L-alanine derivative. It is a tautomer of an alliin zwitterion. Alliin has antiglycating potential , it offers protection against glucose or methyglyoxal induced glycation of superoxide dismutase, hence is expected to have therapeutic potential in the prevention of glycation-mediated diabetic complications. Alliin has anti-inflammatory activity, it protects against Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by activating PPARγ, which subsequently inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory response; alliin has an inhibitory effect in osteoclasteogenesis with a dose-dependent manner via blocking the c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling pathway, it could be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. Alliin and sabinene have detectable levels of antimicrobial activity. Alliin， Oral active sulfoxide compounds can be isolated from garlic, which have hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities.

4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an isoleucine derivative. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine has antidepressant-like, antidyslipidemic, and antihyperglycemic effects. It acts to improve insulin resistance by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in high fructose diet fed STZ induced diabetic rats, it also has beneficial effects on low-grade inflammation. 4-Hydroxyisoleucineis an orally active amino acid that can be isolated from fenugreek seeds. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine has insulin promoting and anti diabetes properties.

Lacto-N-triaose is an oligosaccharide.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Patchouli alcohol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial effects, which may be mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of the mRNA expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. Patchouli alcohol significantly accelerates the recovery of the UV-induced skin lesions, evidently through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action, as well as down-regulation of the MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. Patchouli alcohol is a carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer). It is a sesquiterpenoid, a tertiary alcohol and a carbotricyclic compound.

Tumulosic acid is a triterpenoid.

Eriodictyol has vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, it is an antagonist of the transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) receptor. Eriodictyol may possess antidiabetic properties through increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin resistance, it attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in early diabetic rats. It may be a potential therapeutic resource for Atopic dermatitis and an adjunctive agent to control itchiness inAtopic dermatitis.

Arecaidine is a citraconoyl group.

Allantoin is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 5-aminohydantoin in which a carbamoyl group is attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. It has a role as a vulnerary, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione and a member of ureas. It is functionally related to a hydantoin. It is a tautomer of a 1-(5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroimidazol-4-yl)urea. Allantoin, as I-1R agonist, has the potential to develop as a new therapeutic agent for hypertension. Allantoin has memory-enhancing, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities; it can enhance the antifungal activity of Nanoencapsulation. Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth. Allantoin mediates PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signal pathway.