Alliin is an L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by an (S)-allylsulfinyl group. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial agent, a neuroprotective agent, a plant metabolite and a cardioprotective agent. It is a sulfoxide, an olefinic compound, a L-cysteine derivative, a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid and a L-alanine derivative. It is a tautomer of an alliin zwitterion. Alliin has antiglycating potential , it offers protection against glucose or methyglyoxal induced glycation of superoxide dismutase, hence is expected to have therapeutic potential in the prevention of glycation-mediated diabetic complications. Alliin has anti-inflammatory activity, it protects against Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by activating PPARγ, which subsequently inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory response; alliin has an inhibitory effect in osteoclasteogenesis with a dose-dependent manner via blocking the c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling pathway, it could be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. Alliin and sabinene have detectable levels of antimicrobial activity. Alliin， Oral active sulfoxide compounds can be isolated from garlic, which have hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities.

Piperine is a N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum. It has a role as a NF-kappaB inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a food component and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a tertiary carboxamide, a piperidine alkaloid, a member of benzodioxoles and a N-acylpiperidine. It is functionally related to an (E,E)-piperic acid. Piperine, an inhibitor of human P-glycoprotein and/or CYP3A4, which has antinociceptive, antiarthritic, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory , antitumor, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, chemo-protective, and anti-inflammatoryactivities. Administration of piperine appears to reverse preexisting high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, probably by activation of adiponectin-AMPK signalling.

Hydrastine is a natural product found in Hydrastis canadensis. It has a role as a metabolite.

Dehydrocorydalin has anti-inflammatory,antinociceptive,antiplatelet,and anti-tumor effects and can protect the cardiovascular system. Dehydrocorydaline stimulates p38 MAPK activation, which can enhance heterodimerization of MyoD and E proteins, thus resulting in MyoD activation and myoblast differentiation. Dehydrocorydaline inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis mediated by regulating Bax/Bcl-2, activating caspases as well as cleaving PARP.

Gomisin D is a natural product from Schizandra chinensis.

Liquiritin apioside has antioxidant property by inducing glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis via the inhibition of cytokines and protected lung epithelial cells against cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress, might be as protective agent against epithelial injury in COPD. Liquiritin apioside is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Benzoylhypaconine is a diterpene alkaloid with formula C31H43NO9 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. It has a role as a xenobiotic, a phytotoxin, a plant metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a rat metabolite. It is a diterpene alkaloid, a tertiary alcohol, a triol, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a benzoate ester, an organic heteropolycyclic compound, a polyether and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane.

Isosakuranin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids. Isosakuranin is a product from Paliurus ramosissimus.

Tetrahydroalstonine is a heteropentacyclic compound that is (20alpha)-16,17-didehydro-18-oxayohimban which is substituted at position 16 by a methoxycarbonyl group and at position 19 by a methyl group. It is a metabolite found in several plant species. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a methyl ester, a yohimban alkaloid and an organic heteropentacyclic compound. It is a conjugate base of a tetrahydroalstonine(1+). Tetrahydroalstonine and Raubasine preferentially block the pressor responses of post-synaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor activation due to exogenous and endogenouse noradrenaline, respectively.

Senegenin has anti-apoptotic,anti-oxidative,and neuroprotective activities, it might be a potential agent for prevention and treatment of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) or other neurodegenerative diseases. It also be a potential therapeutic agent against sepsis. Senegenin decreased the levels of TNF-α ,IL-1β, NF-κB.

The absorption and transport of angelol A and Angelol B are passive diffusion as the dominating process in Caco-2 cell monolayer model.

7-Hydroxy-4-chromone is a member of chromones.

Guaifenesin is also a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Guaifenesin has antitussive effects, it can inhibit the cough-reflex sensitivity in acute viral cough, it is an expectorant commonly by thinning the mucus or phlegm in the lungs.

Isokaempferide shows hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects, the anti-inflammatory effects can be explained, at least in part, by reducing neutrophil degranulation, myeloperoxidase activity, mediators as well as TNF-alpha secretion. Isokaempferide is used as a bronchodilator, can induce relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea. 3-methoxyapigenin is a trihydroxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin.