Cirsimarin shows antioxidant activity; it also exerts potent antilipogenic effect and decreases adipose tissue deposition in mice, it could therefore be a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity. Cirsimarin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Gelsemine is a highly toxic compound and may be a glycine receptor agonist. Gelsemine has antitumor, anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-oxidative activities,it also has marked antinociception in inflammatory, neuropathic and bone cancer pains without inducing antinociceptive tolerance.

Adenosine is a nucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) moiety via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Adenosine induces SphK1 activity in human and mouse sickle and normal erythrocytes in vitro, it can activate the neuroimmune system, alter neuronal function and neurotransmission,and contribute to symptoms of sickness and psychopathologies. Adenosine activates mast cells have been long implicated in allergic asthma and studies in rodent mast cells have assigned the A3 Adenosine receptor (A3R) a primary role in mediating Adenosine responses. Adenosine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a betaN9-glycosidic bond. It has a role as an analgesic, a vasodilator agent, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It is functionally related to an adenine.

Viscumneoside III is a viscumneoside that is homoeriodictyol in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, the 2-hydroxy group of which has been converted to its beta-D-apiofuranoside derivative. Found in Viscum coloratum, an evergreen hemiparasitic plant whose stems and leaves are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatism. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Viscumneoside III demonstrates high tyrosinase inhibition, it can be utilized in skin whitening cosmetics.

Theophylline is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a vasodilator agent, a drug metabolite, an anti-asthmatic drug, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an immunomodulator, a muscle relaxant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. Theophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, which is the most widely used anti-asthma drug worldwide and is classified as a bronchodilator. It has antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions, it also can antagonize flurazepam-induced depression of cerebral cortical neurons.

Catharanthine Sulfate is a natural product from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don.

Paederosidic acid methyl ester has antinociception, is possibly related to the pathway of NO-cGMP-ATP sensitive K(+) channels.

Kawain is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

(+)-Praeruptorin A exerts distinct relaxant effects on isolated rat aorta rings, which may be mainly attributed to nitric oxide synthesis catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide synthase.