(+)-Pteryxin has muscle-relaxant props, it also shows hepatoprotective and nitric oxide prodn. inhibitory activity.

Neomangiferin exhibits antidiabetic and antiosteoporotic actions; it has beneficial effects on high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, it also modulates the Th17/Treg balance and ameliorates colitis in mice.

L-cystine is the L-enantiomer of the sulfur-containing amino acid cystine. It has a role as an EC 1.2.1.11 (aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor, a flour treatment agent, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a cystine, a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid and a L-cysteine derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a L-cystine anion. It is an enantiomer of a D-cystine. It is a tautomer of a L-cystine zwitterion. L-Cystine can improve hyperlipidemia by restoring LPL and HSL activities.L-Cystine protects against the toxicity of PQ by maintaining reduced glutathione levels in the cells. Co-administration of l-cystine and l-theanine before vaccination may enhance the immune response to influenza vaccine in elderly subjects with low serum total protein or hemoglobin.

Picroside I is a hepatoprotective agent which is reported to be antimicrobial and used against hepatitis B. It has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may be the valuable anti-invasive drug candidates for cancer therapy by suppressing Collagenases and Gelatinases. Picroside I can enhance basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)-, staurosporine- or dbc-mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells.

Sophoricoside has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bone loss, and immunosuppressive effects. Sophoricoside is an effective regulator of lipogenesis and glucose consumption and may find utility in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Sophoricoside exposure reduced the number of implanted embryos in a dose-dependent manner and failed the embryo implantation through altering the morphology of uterine and compromising the endometrial receptivity. Sophoricoside is an acrovestone and an isoflavonoid.

Menthone has anti-inflammary activity, it can suppress the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity induced by LPS and other inflammatory agents. Menthone and menthol enhances the skin permeability by disordering the ordered organization of SC lipids and extracts part of SC lipids. P-menthan-3-one is a p-menthane monoterpenoid that is p-menthane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite.

Fraxinellone is a selective blocker of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, which possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and vasorelaxing activities, Fraxinellone exhibits a variety of insecticidal activities including feeding-deterrent activity, inhibition of growth, and larvicidal activity. It inhibited the production of iNOS, COX-2, NF-kappa B, and PGE(2).

Obtusifolin is a novel anti-breast-cancer bone metastasis agent, which has antioxidant, and antinociceptive properties.Obtusifolin has beneficial effects on the development of diabetic retinopathy via inhibition of accumulation of oxidatively modified DNA and nitrotyrosine in the retina, can help prevent vision loss in diabetic patients. Gluco-Obtusifolin and its aglycone may be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment, and that its beneficial effects are mediated, in part, by the enhancement of cholinergic signaling.

Baccatin III, which is the precursor for the semisynthesis of paclitaxel,exerts anti-tumor immunomodulatory activity in very low doses (0.05-0.5mg/kg),it reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs. Baccatin III also exerts immunomodulatory activities in vivo as well as in vitro on the MHC-restricted antigen presentation. Baccatin III is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plant species of the genus Taxus. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a benzoate ester, an acetate ester and a tetracyclic diterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a taxane.

Ginsenoside Rh3 is a bacterial metabolite of Ginsenoside Rg5, Rh3 has anti-inflammatory effect in microglia by modulating AMPK and its downstream signaling pathways, it may improve chronic dermatitis or psoriasis by the regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α produced by macrophage cells and of IFN-γ produced by Th cells. Rg5 and Rh3 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 18.4 and 10.2 uM, respectively, they may protect memory deficit by inhibiting AChE activity and increasing BDNF expression and CREB activation.

Mogroside IVA is a mogroside and a beta-D-glucoside. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Mogroside IVa is a natural product from Siraitia grosvenorii Swingle.

Uvaol has anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and vasorelaxing activities. Uvaol reduces cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricle remodeling induced by angiotensin II in mice by diminishing fibrosis and myocyte area; it inhibits the angiotensin II-induced proliferation in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner, while at high doses they activate pathways of programmed cell death that are dependent on JNK and PPAR-γ. Uvaol is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite.

Asperuloside exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in correlation with inhibition of a pro-inflammatory mediator through suppressing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and MAPK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Chronic administration of Asperuloside stimulates anti-obesity and anti-metabolic syndrome activity in HFD-fed rats across several organs, similar to Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) administration. Asperuloside is a iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a gamma-lactone, an acetate ester, an iridoid monoterpenoid and a monosaccharide derivative.

3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid is a triterpenoid.