Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Jujuboside B has antitumor activity and the underlying mechanism via induction of apoptosis and autophagy. It reduces vascular tension endothelium-dependently by increasing Ca2+Influx and activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase, it has pharmacological effects on improving endothelial dysfunction and treating vascular diseases.

Helicid is a glycoside.

Kawain is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

Nepetin-7-glucoside has antioxidant activity in human HL60 cells assessed as reduction of cytochrome-c release, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and inhibition of TPA-induced free radical formation. Nepitrin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

(+)-Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene used for analgesia and anaesthesia in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, it and its enantiomer (-)-borneol have a highly efficacious positive modulating action at GABA(A) receptors at human recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2L GABA(A) receptors. Borneol specifically inhibits the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated effects in a noncompetitive way, can depress P-glycoprotein function by a NF-κB signaling mediated mechanism in a blood brain barrier in vitro model. Borneol has neuroprotection through the inhibition of IκBα-NF-κB and translocation signaling pathway, it also has an anti-cerebral ischemia effects. It can suppresse inflammatory responses in LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways.

N-Methylflindersine shows strong toxicity towards brine shrimp larvae, with an LD(50) value of 1.39 microg/ml. It also exhibits potent inhibition against N -formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine-induced superoxide production with IC(50) values less than 12 microM. N-Methylflindersine is an organic heterotricyclic compound, an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and an oxacycle.

Bullatine G is a kaurane diterpenoid.

Valeranone shows antileishmanial and cytotoxic activity.

Flavokawain A is an apoptotic inducer and immune- modulator ,it also shows anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities.Flavokawain A can significantly reduce the expression of CDK1-inhibitory kinases, Myt1 and Wee1, and cause cyclin B1 protein accumulation leading to CDK1 activation in T24 cells.Flavokawain A may suppress LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators via blockage of NF-κB-AP-1-JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in the murine macrophages.

Salvianolic acid B is a member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antidepressant, a hypoglycemic agent, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an osteogenesis regulator, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a plant metabolite, a cardioprotective agent and an autophagy inhibitor. Salvianolic acid B is a bioactive compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Danshen, which is used for treating neoplastic and chronic inflammatory diseases in China, it shows a protective action against the ischemia-reperfusion induced injury in rat brain. It inhibited the expression of COX,ERK,TNF-α, NO.

Sanggenone D represents a new scaffold of positive GABAA receptor modulators, it also inhibits COX-2 activity (IC 50 = 73-100 μM). Sanggenone D has anti-inflammatory activity, it can inhibit NO production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells at > 10 uM; inhibition of nitric oxide production was mediated by suppression of iNOS enzyme induction but not by direct inhibition of iNOS enzyme activity.

Myristicin has anti-cholinergic, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects, it also has anti-inflammatory properties related with its inhibition of NO, cytokines,chemokines, and growth factors in dsRNA-stimulated macrophages via the calcium pathway. Myristicin may antagonize the anxiolytic effects of midazolam, increase anxiety, and affect motor movements. Myristicin can induce apoptosis as characterised by alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, PARP-cleavage and DNA fragmentation. Myristicin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite.

Valtratum is a fatty acid ester.