Stigmasterol is used as a precursor in the manufacture of synthetic progesterone, it is an antagonist of the bile acid nuclear receptor FXR, which has anti-inflammatory, thyroid inhibitory, cholesterol-lowering, antiperoxidative and hypoglycemic effects; it has indicated that stigmasterol may be useful in prevention of certain cancers, including ovarian, prostate, breast, and colon cancers. Stigmasterol inhibits the NF-kappaB pathway. Stigmasterol is a 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a member of phytosterols and a 3beta-sterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.

3-Butylidenephthalide is an isobenzofuranone. 3-Butylidenephthalide has antihyperglycemic effect is due to inhibition of α-glucosidase at the intestinal level, inhibited the activity of yeast-α-glucosidase (IC(50) 2.35 mM) in a noncompetitive fashion with a K(i) of 4.86 mM. It can induce a dose-dependent antinociceptive action in the hot-plate assay, it is also effective for controlling the pain provoked by chemical irritation at the doses of 10 and 31.6 mg/kg. 3-Butylidenephthalide is a phthalic anhydride derivative identified from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, with insecticidal activity (LC50 value of 1.56 mg/g for Spodoptera litura larvae).

Daucosterol is a steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a steroid saponin and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a sitosterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.

Brassicasterol is an 3beta-sterol that is (22E)-ergosta-5,22-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, fish, and rapeseed oil. It has a role as a biomarker, an animal metabolite, a marine metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor, a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor and an algal metabolite. Brassicasterol may be a relevant additional biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Miglustat is a hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. It has a role as an EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor and an anti-HIV agent. It is a member of piperidines and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a duvoglustat.

L-dopa is an optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease. It has a role as a plant growth retardant, an antiparkinson drug, a dopaminergic agent, a prodrug, a neurotoxin, a hapten, an allelochemical, an antidyskinesia agent, a mouse metabolite, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a L-tyrosine derivative, a dopa and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. Levodopa is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), used to treat Parkinson's symptoms.