Hispolon is a member of catechols.

Magnolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-histaminic, and antioxidative effects, it might be a naturally occurring chemoprevention and therapeutic agent capable of inhibiting cell proliferation and transformation by targeting ERK1 and ERK2. Magnolin can ameliorate the renal tubular necrosis, apoptosis, and the deterioration of renal function, it reduces the renal oxidative stress, suppresses caspase-3 activity, and increases Bcl-2 expression in vivo and in vitro.

Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N1-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a cytosine. Cytidine is a nucleoside molecule that is formed when cytosine is attached to a ribose ring, cytidine is a component of RNA.Cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F interact with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase and inhibit proviral DNA formation.

Ganoderone A is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 26 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 7. Isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma pfeifferi, it exhibits against herpes simplex virus. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-HSV-1 agent. It is a primary alcohol, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a diketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Ganoderone A exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus. Ganoderone A exhibits strong inhibitory activities against Vero cells (IC50 is 0.3 ug/mL); it also has inhibition against cancer cell lines K562, SW620, and HL60, the 50% inhibiting concentration( IC50) are 9. 61, 22. 38, 7. 14 mg/L, respectively.

Isoxanthohumol is a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties, seems to regulate in vivo vascular proliferation and stabilization and the EC-VSMC-inflammatory crosstalk. Isoxanthohumol shows an antiviral activity towards herpes viruses (HSV1 and HSV2) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).

Soyasapogenol C is a triterpenoid.

Phillyrin is a novel AMPK activator, has anti-obesity effects in nutritive obesity mice, it can prevent lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1/AMPK activation. Phillyrin may be a new preventive agent of acute lung injury in the clinical setting, it potentially contributes to the suppression of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Praeruptorin E is a cardiotonic agent with selective cardiac calcium channel agonistic effect, it can relax swine coronary artery and decrease contractility in guinea-pig left atria. Praeruptorin E may be useful in the therapy of lung injury, it can protect mice from hydrochloric acid (HCl)-induced lung injury by inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) influx, IL-6 release and protein exudation.

Narcissoside is a good 15-LO and α-glucosidase inhibitor, it with synergism of B.flavum flavonoid and rutin, could be responsible for stronger protection against mitochondrial induced oxidative stress. Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside is a monomethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative.

Oxyresveratrol , a dietary phenolic compound, has neuroprotective effect, as a potential nutritional candidate for protection against neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease; Oxyresveratrol has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2, it also as an antibrowning agent for cloudy apple juices and fresh-cut apples. Oxyresveratrol exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase which catalyzes rate-limiting steps of melanin biosynthesis.Oxyresveratrol exhibits the inhibitory activity at the early and late phase of viral replication and inhibited the viral replication with pretreatment in one-step growth assay of HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Orientin has various activities including anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, vasodilatation and cardioprotective, antiadipogenesis, antinociceptive, radiation protective, neuroprotective, and antidepressant-like effects. Orientin protects H9c2 cardio-mytocytes against I/R-induced apoptosis by modulating the mPTP opening, and this role of orientin may involve the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; it also can decrease C/EBPα and PPARγ protein expression level in 3T3-L1 cells. Orientin is a C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a luteolin.

L-lysine is an L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. It has a role as a micronutrient, an anticonvulsant, a nutraceutical, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, an aspartate family amino acid, a lysine and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-lysinium(1+). It is a conjugate acid of a L-lysinate. Lysine is an essential amino acid for the human body. L-lysine and L-glutamic acid and as useful building blocks for the preparation of bifunctional DTPA-like ligands.

4-Methoxy-5- hydroxycanthin-6-one has anti-inflammatory effect, it can significantly inhibit the production of NO and the release of TNF-α induced by LPS in macrophage RAW 264.7, it has protective effect on dextran sulfate sodium -induced rat colitis. After oral administration, 4-methoxy-5- hydroxycanthin-6-one (3, 9, and 27 mg/kg) can reduce the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic arthritis in rats. 5-Hydroxy-4-methoxycanthin-6-one exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against CNE2 cell line.

Isoapetalic acid and apetalic acid exhibit cytotoxic activities towards both cancer cell lines(human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human lung carcinoma (A-549) cell lines) and both Gram-positive bacteria(two Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus and B. subtilis and two Gram-negative bacteria, P. aeruginosa and E. coli.).

Brassicasterol is an 3beta-sterol that is (22E)-ergosta-5,22-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, fish, and rapeseed oil. It has a role as a biomarker, an animal metabolite, a marine metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor, a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor and an algal metabolite. Brassicasterol may be a relevant additional biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Oxyresveratrol , a dietary phenolic compound, has neuroprotective effect, as a potential nutritional candidate for protection against neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease; Oxyresveratrol has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2, it also as an antibrowning agent for cloudy apple juices and fresh-cut apples. Oxyresveratrol exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase which catalyzes rate-limiting steps of melanin biosynthesis.Oxyresveratrol exhibits the inhibitory activity at the early and late phase of viral replication and inhibited the viral replication with pretreatment in one-step growth assay of HSV-1 and HSV-2.