(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) can inhibit fat synthesis and reduces food intake, the primary mechanism of action of HCA appears to be related to its ability to act as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATP-citrate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of citrate and coenzyme A to oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), primary building blocks of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Hydroxycitric acid ameliorates high-fructose-induced redox imbalance and activation of stress sensitive kinases in male Wistar rats through its hypolipidemic effects.

Clerosterol as a precursor of cyasterone, isocyasterone and 29-norcyasterone in biosynthesis of phytoecdysteroids of Ajuga hairy roots. Clerosterol exerts its cytotoxic effect in A2058 human melanoma cells by caspases-dependent apoptosis. Clerosterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.

Epiberberine, a natural protoberberine alkaloid, is a potent inhibitor against both ureases with IC50 values of 3.0±0.01μM for HPU (ureases from Helicobacter pylori) and 2.3±0.01μM for JBU (ureases from jack bean); it also exhibits predominant cholinesterases (ChEs) inhibitory effects with IC(50) values ranging between 0.44-1.07 microM for AChE and 3.32-6.84 microM for BChE. Epiberberine has anti-adipogenic effect is mediated by downregulation of the Raf/MEK1/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Epiberberine also ha anti-alzheimer and antioxidant activities.

Dehydroabietic acid , a major poison to fishes in pulp and paper mill effluents, which could be useful in improving the diabetic wound healing, it can reverse several cell responses stimulated by TNF-α, including the activation of FOXO1 and the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Dehydroabietic acid derivatives displays antisecretory and antipepsin effect, have gastroprotective activity in the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions in mice as well as for cytotoxicity in human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) and human epithelial gastric (AGS) cells. Dehydroabietic acid is an abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group. It has a role as a metabolite and an allergen. It is a monocarboxylic acid, an abietane diterpenoid and a carbotricyclic compound. It is functionally related to an abietic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a dehydroabietate.

All-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid is an icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. It has a role as a micronutrient, an antidepressant, an antineoplastic agent, an anticholesteremic drug, a nutraceutical, a mouse metabolite, a fungal metabolite and a Daphnia galeata metabolite. It is an omega-3 fatty acid and an icosapentaenoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoate.

Dulcoside A is a sweetener and has antioxidant activity.

Protosappanin B possesses antitumor, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation properties, it protects PC12 cells against oxygen–glucose deprivation-induced neuronal death by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis via induction of ubiquitin-dependent p53 protein degradation.

2-{[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}-5-hydroxybenzoic acid is an alkaloid and a member of benzamides.

Raspberry ketone prevents and improves obesity and fatty liver by increasing norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in white adipocytes, it also can increase the fatty acid oxidation and suppressed lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Raspberry ketone has anti-melanogenic activity, it could be used to treat hyperpigmentation. Raspberry ketone enhances the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 stem cells into osteoblasts, and it may promote bone formation by an action unrelated to adipocyte differentiation. Raspberry ketone is a ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group. It is found in a variety of fruits including raspberries, blackberries and cranberries, and is used in perfumery and cosmetics. It has a role as a metabolite, an androgen antagonist, a flavouring agent, a fragrance, a hepatoprotective agent and a cosmetic. It is a member of phenols and a methyl ketone.

4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-4-coumaric acid is a 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-coumaric acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-4-coumarate.

Evodiamine, a novel non-pungent vanilloid receptor agonist, which has the effects of anti-obese, analgesic, vasodilator, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. It prevents the accumulation of perivisceral fat and the body weight increase, blocks of the Ca2+ influx through receptor-mediated Ca2+ channels, inhibits NF-kB activation through suppression of IkB kinase activity.

Deapio-platycodin D is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.

Tomatidine shows antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, it significantly suppresses the activity of ACAT and leads to reduction of atherogenesis. Tomatidine inhibits the invasion of A549 cells by reducing the expression of MMPs, also inhibits ERK and Akt signaling pathways and NF-κB activity, suggests a new therapeutic potential for Tomatidine in anti-metastatic therapy.

Monocrotaline is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid.

Tribuloside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to a 6-O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a cinnamate ester, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a kaempferol and a trans-4-coumaric acid. Tiliroside possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-complement, anti-diabetic, anticarcinogenic and hepatoprotective activities. Tiliroside enhances fatty acid oxidation via the enhancement adiponectin signaling associated with the activation of both AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic disorders.