Ruscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities.Ruscogenin significantly attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI )via inhibiting expressions of TF and iNOS and NF-κB p65 activation, it inhibits activation of neutrophil through cPLA 2 , PAK, Akt, MAPKs, cAMP, and PKA signaling pathways.

Pomiferin is a natural product inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes. It has anticancer, antibacterial and antidiabetic properties. Pomiferin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, it is effective in enhancing the activity of NSAID activated gene (NAG-1) at 2.5 pg/mL (1.5-1.8 fold increase) and inhibiting iNOS and NF-κB activity with IC50 values in the range of 6-13 ug/mL. Pomiferin has protection on kidney ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Xanthohumol has anti-hepatitis C virus, anti-carcinogenic, free radical-scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities, it can inhibit HIV-1 induced cytopathic effects, the production of viral p24 antigen and reverse transcriptase in C8166 lymphocytes at non-cytotoxic concentration. Xanthohumol may play a role in improving cognitive flexability in young animals. Xanthohumol has beneficial effects on markers of metabolic syndrome, it lowers body weight and fasting plasma glucose in obese male Zucker fa/fa rats. Xanthohumol is a member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells. It has a role as an antiviral agent, a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor, an anti-HIV-1 agent and an apoptosis inducer.

Rubrosterone is an insect-molting C19-steroid.

Osthol is a natural antihistamine alternative, may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. Osthol has toxicity, may be used as bio-pesticides. Osthol is an inhibitor of human Pgp and multidrug efflux pumps of Staphylococcus aureus , reversing the resistance against frontline antibacterial drugs.Osthol has anti-allergic, antiosteoporosis, anti-fatty liver, antitumor, and cardioprotective effects. Osthol inhibits hepatic SREBP-1c/2 mRNA expressions and subsequent modulation of SREBP-1c/2-mediated target genes such as FAS, CYP7A and LDL receptor; it can stimulate the osteoblastic differentiation of rat calvarial osteoblast cultures by the BMP-2/p38MAPK/Runx-2/osterix pathway. Osthole is a natural product found in Peucedanum ostruthium and Angelica pubescens. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of coumarins and a botanical anti-fungal agent.

Isobavachromene is an inhibitor of NADH-Ubiquinone oxidoreductase and ornithine decarboxylase. Isobavachromene has antifungal activity.

1-Monomyristin is a 1-monoglyceride with tetradecanoyl (myristoyl) as the acyl group. It has a role as a Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite. It is a 1-monoglyceride and a tetradecanoate ester. 1-Monomyristin was extracted from Serenoa repens and inhibited the hydrolysis of 2-oleoyl glycerol (IC50=32 μ M) and the activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) (IC50=18 μ M). 1-Monomyristin has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and actinomycetes, as well as antifungal activity against Candida albicans.

Cafestol has anticarcinogenic, peripheral antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits Cyclic-Strain-induced interleukin-8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vascular endothelial cells. Cafestol is a novel extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor with AP-1-targeted inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Cafestol acts as an agonist ligand for both FXR and PXR, and this may contribute to its impact on cholesterol homeostasis. Cafestol has protective effects against the CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity, which possibly involve mechanisms related to its ability to block the CYP2E1-mediated CCl(4) bioactivation and free radical scavenging effects. Cafestol has antidiabetic activity, it increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro and increases glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells. Cafestol also has a weak inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Cafestol is an organic heteropentacyclic compound and furan diterpenoid with formula C20H28O3 obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of coffee oil (a lipid fraction obtained from coffee beans by organic solvent extraction). It has a role as an antioxidant, a hypoglycemic agent, an antineoplastic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite.

1-Octacosanol is an ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is octacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol and a fatty alcohol 28:0. It derives from a hydride of an octacosane. 1-Octacosanol is reported to possess cholesterol-lowering effects, antiaggregatory properties, cytoprotective use, and ergogenic properties, it is used as a nutritional supplement. 1-Octacosanol is a straight chain aliphatic 28 carbon fatty alcohol and the main component of cholesterol lowering agent docosanol. 1-Octacosanol has various activities such as anti fatigue, anti angiogenesis, cholesterol lowering, and insecticidal.

Anhydrosecoisolariciresinol can significantly decrease the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines at 50 and 100 microM.

Turkesterone is a phytoecdysteroid possessing an 11alpha-hydroxyl group, also is an analogue of the insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. It has immunomodulating and antistress activity, can increase the adaptation capacity of mice under immobilization-induced stress conditions.

Damulin A and Damulin B as potential activators of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which may contribute to beneficial effect of G. pentaphyllum on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Neoruscogenin represents a universal pharmacological tool for RORα research due to its specific selectivity profile versus other nuclear receptors.

Punicalin exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-hepatotoxic activities, it shows inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.11 microg/ml (0.14 microM).

Ganoderic acid LM2 exhibits potent enhancement of ConA-induced mice splenocytes proliferation in vitro.

Pristimerin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid that has been shown to suppress the proliferation of various cancer cell lines at the concentration (IC50) range of 0.2-4 μM, including those of breast, glioma, prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, colon. Pristimerin exhibits inhibitory effects against diverse phytopathogenic fungi, it shows good preventive effect and curative effect against wheat powdery mildew in vivo. It has a wide spectrum of targets including ROS, IKK, NF-κB, Akt, mTOR, Bcr-Abl.

4',7-dihydroxyflavone is a dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7. It has a role as a metabolite.