Pinoresinol dimethyl ether, which could be isolated from the wood of the basal tree Humbertieae, show a variety of activities as the inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Aloinoside B is a member of anthracenes.

Uridine has antidepressant-like effects, and it has protective effects against drug-induced fatty liver. Uridine can increase the rate of potassium transport in mitochondria isolated from liver of low resistant rats, and inhibitors of the channel prevent the channel activating effect of Uridine. Uridine has inhibition of p53-dependent intestinal apoptosis initiated by 5-fluorouracil. Uridine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a betaN1-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a drug metabolite, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is functionally related to a uracil.

Bilobetin treatment ameliorates hyperlipidaemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance in rats by stimulating PPARα-mediated lipid catabolism.

Forskolin is a ubiquitous activator of eukaryotic adenylyl cyclase (AC) in a wide variety of cell types, commonly used to raise levels of cAMP in the study and research of cell physiology. Forskolin has antitumor, antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions, it may cause genotoxic effects. Chronic administration of Forskolin can decrease fasting blood glucose levels, it is effective in preventing diet induced obesity. Forskolin is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from the Indian Coleus plant. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an anti-HIV agent, a plant metabolite, a protein kinase A agonist and an adenylate cyclase agonist. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a triol, a labdane diterpenoid, a cyclic ketone and an acetate ester.

Spinosin is a flavone C-glycoside that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4', a methoxy group at position 7 and a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 6 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an anxiolytic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone, a dihydroxyflavone and a flavone C-glycoside. It is functionally related to a flavone. Spinosin has neuroprotective, anxiolytic-like and anti-inflammatory effects, it ameliorated memory impairment induced through AβO, the serotonergic neurotransmitter system, it also potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep via the serotonergic system.

N-Nornuciferine can competitively inhibit CYP2D6 activity with Ki values of 2.34 uM.

Dihydrokavain is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

Daphnetin is a dihydroxycoumarin that is being used in China for the treatment of coagulation disorders, is a protein kinase inhibitor, inhibits EGFR, PKA and PKC with IC50 of 7.67 μM, 9.33 μM and 25.01 μM, respectively, also known to exhibit antimalarial, anti-rheumatoid arthritis, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. it is also a chelator and an antioxidant. Daphnetin can enhance immunological functions of B lymphocytes, the expression of IL-12 in B lymphocytes can be up-regulated by daphnetin through natural immunity approach.

8-Gingerol is a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and a beta-hydroxy ketone. 8-Gingerol is one of the principal components of ginger, which is widely used in China and elsewhere as a food, spice and herb, it has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and skin-whitening activities. It suppresses cellular tyrosinase activity and decrease melanin content, inhibits the expression of MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2, decreases intracellular RS and ROS levels in B16F10 and B16F1 cells, inhibits melanogenesis by down-regulation of MAPK, PKA signaling pathway. 8-gingerol can be found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) and has oral activity, activating TRPV1 with an EC50 value of 5.0 µ M. 8-gingerol inhibits COX-2 and also suppresses the growth of H. pylori in vitro. Meanwhile, 8-gingerol has anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells by suppressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and regulating its downstream STAT3/ERK pathway. 8-gingerol can also exert immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis, and regulating autophagy. In addition, 8-gingerol has cardioprotective effects and is expected to be used in research in the fields of cancer, infection, immunosuppression, and cardiovascular disease.

Kawain is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

Tribuloside has 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, it can improve behavior and BrdU immunoreactive cells of depression model rats and possess antidepressant effect. Tribuloside exhibits antimycobacterial activity against the non-pathogenic Mycobacterium species Mycobacterium madagascariense and Mycobacterium indicus pranii, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 5.0 mg/mL. Tribuloside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to a 6-O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a cinnamate ester, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a kaempferol and a trans-4-coumaric acid.