Moracin M is a phytoalexin. Moracin M inhibits PDE4D2, PDE4B2, PDE5A1, and PDE9A2 with the IC(50) values of 2.9, 4.5, >40, and >100 μM, respectively.

Lysionotin is a natural flavonoid predominantly found in fewflower lysionotus herbs and possesses many pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and free radical scavenging activities. It is an efficient inhibitor of α-toxin expression and shows significant protection against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo. Nevadensin is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 8 and 4' and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. It is a conjugate acid of a nevadensin-7-olate.

Forskolin is a ubiquitous activator of eukaryotic adenylyl cyclase (AC) in a wide variety of cell types, commonly used to raise levels of cAMP in the study and research of cell physiology. Forskolin has antitumor, antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions, it may cause genotoxic effects. Chronic administration of Forskolin can decrease fasting blood glucose levels, it is effective in preventing diet induced obesity. Forskolin is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from the Indian Coleus plant. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an anti-HIV agent, a plant metabolite, a protein kinase A agonist and an adenylate cyclase agonist. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a triol, a labdane diterpenoid, a cyclic ketone and an acetate ester.

Theophylline is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a vasodilator agent, a drug metabolite, an anti-asthmatic drug, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an immunomodulator, a muscle relaxant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. Theophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, which is the most widely used anti-asthma drug worldwide and is classified as a bronchodilator. It has antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions, it also can antagonize flurazepam-induced depression of cerebral cortical neurons.

13-Oxyingenol dodecanoat shows moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values being 35.59 ± 5.37 μmol·L-1 (Caco-2), 24.04 ± 4.70 μmol·L-1 (MCF-7), and 22.24 ± 5.19 μmol·L-1 (MCF-7/ADM).

3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone is a trimethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4' and 7 have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetin. It is a conjugate acid of a 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone(1-). Ayanin has vasorelaxant activity, it also may have the potential for use in treating allergic asthma.The IC(50) value of Ayanin (quercetin-3,7,4'-O-trimethylether) is 2.2microM for inhibiting interleukin (IL)-4 production from purified basophils.

Butein is a chelator of ferrous and copper ions, is able to inhibit the activation of protein tyrosine kinase, NF-κB and STAT3, also inhibits EGFR. Butein can inactivate PMA-activated AP-1, due to the blocking of JNK-mediated c-Jun phosphorylation through the inhibition of ATP binding. Butein has potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, it also has a hypotensive effect, at least in part, via the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme. Butein is a chalcone that is (E)-chalcone bearing four additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2', 3, 4 and 4'. It has a role as a radiosensitizing agent, a geroprotector, an antioxidant, a hypoglycemic agent, an antineoplastic agent, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a member of chalcones and a polyphenol.

Braylin has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and immunomodulatory effects, which possibly act through the glucocorticoid receptor activation and by inhibition of the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Braylin is also a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, it could represent an ideal prototype of glucocorticoid receptor ligand, able to induce synergic immunomodulatory effects.

Deltaline is a diterpene alkaloid, a tertiary alcohol, an acetate ester, a tertiary amino compound, an organic polycyclic compound and a cyclic acetal. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane. Deltaline, enabling the synthesis of 32 new derivatives bearing a broad spectrum of unique scaffolds.