Lyciumin B is a cyclic peptide.

Senkyunolide A is a useful standard compound for the quality evaluation and chemical differentiation between Rhizoma chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis, and suitable for the analysis of a large number of samples. Senkyunolide A has the vasorelaxation activity in contractions to various contractile agents in rat isolated aorta.

Hamamelitannin has cytotoxic, and antibiofilm activities. It increases the susceptibility of S. aureus to antibiotic treatment in in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse mammary gland infection models. It also has a high protective activity on cell damage induced by peroxides.

Maackiain is an antimicrobial compound (phytoalexins), it has anticancer effects, it induces apoptosis and growth suppression. Maackiain also shows strong larvicidal activity (LC50 = 21.95 ± 1.34 ug/mL). (-)-maackiain is the ()-enantiomer of maackiain. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-maackiain.

Kushenol A is a kind of Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate(cAMP)phosphodiesterase inhibitiors, it shows selective alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Kushenol A and kushenol C exhibit inhibitory activity against Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2).

Isorhamnetin, a natural flavonol aglycon, is a tyrosinase inhibitor and has anti-adipogenic, cardioprotective, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. it inhibits the H(2)O(2)-induced activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via ROS scavenging and ERK inactivation, it inhibits NF-κB signaling. Isorhamnetin prevents angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the overexpression of p47(phox) and the subsequent increases O2-production, resulting in increased nitric oxide bioavailability. Isorhamnetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 4' by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a beta-L-glucoside. It is functionally related to a beta-L-glucose and an isorhamnetin.

Procyanidin C1 has anti-inflammatory effects, can inhibit IKKb activity in vitro and reduce the LPS-induced production of ROS, thus, it exerts the anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ERK1/2 and IKKb activity. Procyanidin C1 could be useful as a lead compound to develop inhibitors of cancer metastasis and other diseases related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Procyanidin C1 may represent a novel and potentially therapeutically relevant compound for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, it -induced vasorelaxation is associated with the activation of the calcium-dependent NO/cGMP pathway, involving potassium channel activation. Procyanidin C1 is a proanthocyanidin consisting of three ()-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta8)-linkages. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite, an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a polyphenol, a proanthocyanidin and a hydroxyflavan. It is functionally related to a (-)-epicatechin.

(-)-epitaxifolin is a taxifolin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-epitaxifolin.

Senkyunolide I may be an active component of L. chuanxiong, traditionally used to treat migraine, it can protect rat brain against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating p-Erk1/2, Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting caspase 3, the neuroprotective mechanisms of itI are associated with its anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis properties. Senkyunolide I can reduce the metamorphose damage of the RBC caused by ConA, the aggregation of the RBC can be alleviated by it.

Isovitexin, a food phytochemical contained in dietary rice products, it exhibits in vivo α-glucosidase inhibition, it possesses antihyperglycemic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Isovitexin inhibited xanthine oxidase with an IC50 value of 15.2 microM, it may protect cells from oxidative stress. It inhibited JNK, MAPK and NF-κB and activated HO-1/Nrf2 pathways. Isovitexin 2''-O-arabinoside is a disaccharide derivative that is isovitexin attached to an alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 2 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound, an arabinoside, a trihydroxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an isovitexin.

Sodium ferulate is an organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the 3-hydroxy group of ferulic acid by a sodium ion. It has a role as an antioxidant, a MALDI matrix material, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a plant metabolite and a cardioprotective agent. It contains a trans-ferulate.