(+)-Pteryxin has muscle-relaxant props, it also shows hepatoprotective and nitric oxide prodn. inhibitory activity.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Formononetin is a phytoestrogen, could be used in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has antitumorigenic effects, suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; it also exhibits antiviral activities against some members of Picornaviridae, could inhibit EV71-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via MAPKs pathway including ERK, p38 and JNK. Formononetin is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones and a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to a daidzein. It is a conjugate acid of a formononetin(1-).

Ophiopogonin D plays a protective role as an effective antioxidant in H2O2-induced endothelial injury, it can attenuate doxorubicin-induced autophagic cell death by relieving mitochondrial damage in vitro and in vivo, it can be therefore developed as a novel drug for the therapy of cardiovascular disorders. Ophiopogonin D and spicatoside A can increase mucin production and secretion, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells, they could be as expectorants in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Ophiopogonin D inhibits MCF-7 cell growth via the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.

Isosinensetin shows antioxidant and HIV-1 protease inhibiting activities. Isosinensetin is an ether and a member of flavonoids.

Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound, has various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-senescence, anti-hypoxia, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones. Echinacoside can improve the hematopoietic function of bone marrow in 5-FU-induced myelosuppression mice, it induces apoptotic cancer cell death by inhibiting the nucleotide pool sanitizing enzyme MTH1. Echinacoside inhibits cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation caused by ensuing rotenone exposure via activating Trk-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in neuronal cells.

Peiminine has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antitussive, and expectorant effects. It induces autophagic cell death thus represses colorectal carcinoma tumor growth. Peiminine can inhibit lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung injury, by reducing circulating IFN-γ levels and inhibiting signal transduction pathways involving TGF-β, CTGF, ERK1/2, NF-κB and FasL.

Epimedin C is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Pinoresinol has antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and fungicidal activities, it can protect pial microcirculation from I-reperfusion injury, to increase nitric oxide release and to reduce oxidative stress preserving pial blood flow distribution; it may exert pharmacologically interesting effects via modulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway in C. elegans. Pinoresinol causes an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels, inhibits NF-kappaB and activating protein 1 (AP-1). (+)-pinoresinol is an enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen.

Pratensein as a novel transcriptional up-regulator of scavenger receptor class B type I in HepG2 cells. Pratensein has anti-inflammatory activity, it has robust activation of acetylcholinesterase expression, the induction of acetylcholinesterase included the levels of mRNA, protein and enzymatic activity; it can significantly ameliorate Aβ1-42-induced spatial learning and memory impairment through reducing neuroinflammation via inhibition of glial activation and NF-κB activation, and restoring synapse and BDNF levels. Pratensein is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones in which isoflavone is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 5, 7, and 3' positions, and by a methoxy group at the 4' position. It is a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones and a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones. It is a conjugate acid of a pratensein(1-).

2''-O-beta-D-glucosylisoscoparin is a trihydroxyflavone that is isoscoparin glycosylated at position 2'' on the glucosyl ring by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a monomethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an isoscoparin.

Kamebakaurin has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities through direct inhibition of DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50; it has anti-neuroinflammatory activity via inhibition of c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in activated microglial cells. Kamebakaurin inhibits the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its target genes to confer antitumor activity. Kamebakaurin also has the ability to protect the liver from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, presumably by both inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress.