Oleuropein is a secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). Oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, hypolipidemic, in vitro antimycoplasmal , anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects., it also may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress. Oleuropein prevents oxidative myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion, and reduces viremia in duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-infected ducks. Oleuropein reduces TLR and MAPK signaling.

Eriodictyol has vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, it is an antagonist of the transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) receptor. Eriodictyol may possess antidiabetic properties through increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin resistance, it attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in early diabetic rats. It may be a potential therapeutic resource for Atopic dermatitis and an adjunctive agent to control itchiness inAtopic dermatitis. (2R)-eriodictoyl-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the 7-O-glucuronide of (2R)-eriodictyol. Isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, it exhibits inhibitory activity for rat lens aldose reductase. It has a role as a metabolite and an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor. It is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid and a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid.

Moslosooflavone has anti-hypoxia activity, it can significantly prolong the survival time of hypoxic mice. Moslosooflavone significantly inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB in LPS/IFN-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Isoforsythiaside has antioxidant, and antibacterial activities.

Saikosaponin B1 may be as anti-schizophrenic candidate drugs, it can suppress the signal transduction after binding of EGF.

Neoandrographolide has antiradical, anti-inflammatory,and hypolipidemic effects, it protects the cardiovascular without significant liver damage. Neoandrographolide as chemosensitizer in S-Jurkat and X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-overexpressing Jurkat cells, a model for chemoresistance.Neoandrographolide inhibits iNOS and COX-2 expression through inhibiting p38 MAPKs activation.

Catalposide possesses antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, anti-tumoral, and anti-inflammatory properties. Catalposide is a potent inducer of HO-1 and HO-1 induction is responsible for the catalposide-mediated cytoprotection against oxidative damage.Catalposide is a natural agonistic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, is hypolipidemic by activation of PPARαvia a ligand-mediated mechanism that modulates the expression of in lipid metabolism genes in hepatocytes.

Shikimic acid(Shikimate), more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms, has great potential for the design and synthesis of enzyme inhibitors. It reversed the H2O2 induced oxidative damage in hepatocytes, probably through the inhibition of NF-κB, with the activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway and reduction of apoptosis by interfering the SAPK/JNK/Bax pathway; it also profoundly inhibited pancreatic lipase activity by 66%, thus providing another valuable therapeutic aspect for treating diet induced obesity in humans. Shikimic acid is a cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a cyclohexenecarboxylic acid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a shikimate.

Cephaeline is a pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is a conjugate base of a cephaeline(2+). It derives from a hydride of an emetan. Cephaeline was highly active against protected primary CLL cells (relative IC50's 35 nM ) and acted by repressing HIF-1α and disturbing intracellular redox homeostasis.

Ganoderic acid TR, a new lanostanoid with 5α-reductase inhibitory activity from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum.

Thalrugosaminine shows promising antibacterial activity with MIC values of 64-128ug/ml and Staphylococcus species is the most sensitive strains. Thalrugosaminine possesses hypotensive activity in rabbits and is active against Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Phillyrin, (+)-Phillygenin, and (-)-phillygenin exert the strongest inhibitory activities on NO production with IC(50) values.

Luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside is a disaccharide derivative that is luteolin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite and an antibacterial agent. It is a neohesperidoside, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a luteolin. Lonicerin has antioxidant, anti-arthritic and antifungal activities, it can result in a combination therapy for the treatment of fungal arthritis due to C. albicans infection.

Forsythiaside is a hydroxycinnamic acid.

Dehydroandrographolide is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor and possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-hepatitis activity. It possesses activity against HBV DNA replication with IC50 values of 22.58 uM and low SI values of 8.7 ; it can alleviate oxidative stress in LPS-induced acute lung injury possibly by inactivating iNOS.

Macranthoidin B is a major bioactive saponin in rat plasma after oral administration of extraction of saponins from Flos Lonicerae.