Persicogenin has anticancer, antimutagenic, and antileishmanial activities, it can inhibit the proliferation of mouse tsFT210 cancer cells, it mainly inhibits cell cycle at the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. 3',5-Dihydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavanone is an ether and a member of flavonoids.

Chebulagic acid is a potent DNA topoisomerase inhibitor, and is also COX-2 and 5-LOX dual inhibitor. Chebulagic acid may be of value as broad-spectrum antivirals for limiting emerging/ recurring viruses known to engage host cell glycosaminoglycans for entry. Chebulagic acid can be used to control blood glucose and manage type 2 diabetes, although clinical trials are needed.

Germacrone has anti-tumor activity, it can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated caspase pathway. Germacrone shows antiviral activity against the H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses and the influenza B virus in a dose-dependent manner, exerts an effective protection of mice from lethal infection and reduces the virus titres in the lung. Germacrone also moderately inhibits CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 activities in vitro, with IC50 values below 10 uM, and produces two oxidized metabolites and four glutathione conjugates. (E,E)-germacrone is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid that has formula C15H22O. It is a natural product found in traditional medicinal plants of the family Zingiberaceae. The compound exhibits a range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-androgenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, neuroprotective and insecticidal activities.

Yadanziolide B is a quassinoid that is 13,20-epoxypicras-3-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 21 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 16. Isolated from the ethanol extract of the stem of Brucea mollis, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a delta-lactone, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an enone, a heptol and a quassinoid. Yadanziolide B exhibits cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 3.00-5.81 uM.

Theaflavin is a suitable natural inhibitor against influenza A (H1N1) neuraminidase, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-mutagenic, anti-HSV-1, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Theaflavin is active in the prevention of fatty liver and obesity, it can significantly reduce lipid accumulation, suppress fatty acid synthesis, and stimulate fatty acid oxidation. Theaflavin inhibits LPS-Induced IL-6, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages through the blockade of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways; it also protects nigral dopaminergic neurons against chronic MPTP/probenecid induced Parkinson's disease. Theaflavin is a biflavonoid that is 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzocyclohepten-6-one which is substituted at positions 1 and 8 by (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl groups. It is the main red pigment in black tea. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a chelator, a radiation protective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a polyphenol and a biflavonoid.

(R)-goitrin is a 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has R-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis. It has a role as an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-goitrin. Epigoitrin and fructopyrano-(1→4)-glucopyranose(FG) from the traditional Chinese medicine Isatidis radix, exhibit in vitro cooperation, they have in vitro anti-virus activity.

Eriodictyol has vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, it is an antagonist of the transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) receptor. Eriodictyol may possess antidiabetic properties through increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin resistance, it attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in early diabetic rats. It may be a potential therapeutic resource for Atopic dermatitis and an adjunctive agent to control itchiness inAtopic dermatitis. Eriodictyol is a tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone and a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones.

Saikosaponin B4 can selectively inhibit ACTH-induced lipolysis.

3-Deoxysappanchalcone is an effective HO-1 inducer at the translational level. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone has anti-inflammatory, and anti-influenza virus activities, the mechanism involved anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation activities in vitro. It has inhibitory activity on MMP-9 expression and production in TNF-α-treated cells, is mediated by the suppression of AP-1 and NF-κB activation. 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin is a member of the class of chalcones that is isoliquiritigenin in which one of the hydroxy groups at position 2' is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of chalcones, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to an isoliquiritigenin.

Isoforsythiaside has antioxidant, and antibacterial activities.

Arctigenin has anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, antioxidative , neuroprotection, and endurance enhancement effects; it efficiently enhances rat swimming endurance by elevation of the antioxidant capacity of the skeletal muscles, which has thereby highlighted the potential of this natural product as an antioxidant in the treatment of fatigue and related diseases. Arctigenin as a potent indirect activator of AMPK via inhibition of respiratory complex I, with beneficial effects on metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice, this highlights the potential value of arctigenin as a possible treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Arctigenin is a lignan. Arctigenin has anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, antioxidative , neuroprotection, and endurance enhancement effects; it efficiently enhances rat swimming endurance by elevation of the antioxidant capacity of the skeletal muscles, which has thereby highlighted the potential of this natural product as an antioxidant in the treatment of fatigue and related diseases. Arctigenin as a potent indirect activator of AMPK via inhibition of respiratory complex I, with beneficial effects on metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice, this highlights the potential value of arctigenin as a possible treatment of type 2 diabetes. Arctiin is an orally active NF - κ B inhibitor. Arctiin inhibits the expression of cyclin D1 protein in human tumor cells. Arctiin can also reduce levels of malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Arctiin can be used for the study of glomerulonephritis.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid is a nine-carbon, sialic acid monosaccharide commonly found in glycoproteins on cell membranes and in glycolipids such as gangliosides in mammalian cells.Synthesis of pyrrolidine analogues of N‐acetylneuraminic acid could as potential sialidase inhibitors. N-Acetylneuraminic acid-containing substances has growth-promoting effects on bifidobacteria, a number of N-acetylneuraminic acid-based compounds as potential rotavirus inhibitors. N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid is N-Acetylneuraminic acid with beta configuration at the anomeric centre. It has a role as an epitope. It is functionally related to a beta-neuraminic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate.

Matairesinoside is a lignan that is ()-matairesinol in which one of the phenolic hydroxy groups has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of guaiacols, a beta-D-glucoside, a lignan, a gamma-lactone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a (-)-matairesinol. Matairesinoside is a natural product from Styrax japonica.

3,4'-dimethylkaempferol is a dimethoxyflavone that is kaempferol in which the hydroxy groups at position 3 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It is a component of bee glue and isolated from several plant species including Tanacetum microphyllum. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antimycobacterial drug, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. Ermanin shows anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the iNOS and COX-2 expression. Ermanin may have anti-HIV-1activity. Ermanin also has a high deterrent activity at 40 ppm against Dione juno larvae.

Catalposide possesses antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, anti-tumoral, and anti-inflammatory properties. Catalposide is a potent inducer of HO-1 and HO-1 induction is responsible for the catalposide-mediated cytoprotection against oxidative damage.Catalposide is a natural agonistic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, is hypolipidemic by activation of PPARαvia a ligand-mediated mechanism that modulates the expression of in lipid metabolism genes in hepatocytes.