Eriodictyol has vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, it is an antagonist of the transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) receptor. Eriodictyol may possess antidiabetic properties through increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin resistance, it attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in early diabetic rats. It may be a potential therapeutic resource for Atopic dermatitis and an adjunctive agent to control itchiness inAtopic dermatitis. (2R)-eriodictoyl-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the 7-O-glucuronide of (2R)-eriodictyol. Isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, it exhibits inhibitory activity for rat lens aldose reductase. It has a role as a metabolite and an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor. It is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid and a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid.

Deacetylasperulosidic acid inhibits the reduction of ear swelling, and also cancels the suppression of IL-2 production along with the activation of natural killer cells in the same manner as that of Noni-ext. Deacetylasperulosidic acid may increase catalase activity.

Echinatin has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammary activities, it shows strong scavenging activity toward the ABTS + radical, it also inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-induced macrophage cells. Echinatin disturbs the mitochondrial energy transfer reactions and membrane permeability, at a low concentration cause deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria, inhibits DNP-ATPase activity while stimulating range latent ATPase activity.

Vicine is important natural fungicide. "High levels" of vicine or convicine or both might have shortened the birds' survival time by enhancing the neurotoxicity induced by "lower levels" of beta-cyanoalanine.

Alnustone is a diarylheptanoid. Alnustone has anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic and antiemetic activities. Alnustone is a non phenolic compound found in herbs and spices, and is one of the components of Alpiniae Katsumada i. Alnustone has antiemetic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Cynaropicrin is a potent activator of the AhR-Nrf2-Nqo1 pathway, and could therefore be applied to prevention of UVB-induced photo aging; it may be a potential anticancer agent against some leukocyte cancer cells such as lymphoma or leukemia, through pro-apoptotic activity. Cynaropicrin shows in vivo activity against Trypanosoma brucei. Cynaropicrin possesses immunomodulatory effects on cytokine release, nitric oxide production and immunosuppressive effects. Cynaropicrin also has anti-inflammatory effects, it may participate in the inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and the proliferation of lymphocytes and its inhibitory effect is mediated through conjugation with sulphydryl groups of target protein(s).

Kutkoside is a mixture of iridoid glycosides namely, picroside II, Picroside IV and 6-ferulloylcatalpol, it may have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.

Irisolidone is a potent volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) current inhibitor, it exhibits high efficacy for VRAC blockade with IC50s of 5-13 uM. Irisolidone shows anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, hepatoprotective, and α-amylase inhibitory activities, it may attenuate ethanol-induced gastritis by inhibiting the infiltration of immune cells, particularly neutrophils, through the regulation of CXCL-4 or IL-8 secretion. Irisolidone shows potent inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori. Irisolidone also shows antiproliferative activity against amelanotic melanoma cells.

Isosilybin is a flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of guaiacols, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone, a polyphenol and a flavonolignan. Isosilybin and Silybin might be suitable candidates to design potent PXR antagonists to prevent drug-drug interactions via CYP3A4 in cancer patients.

Senecionine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a lactone, a tertiary alcohol and a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. It is functionally related to a senecionan. It is a conjugate base of a senecionine(1+). Senecionine (SEN) is a representative of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Lucidin-3-O- primeveroside, a food pigment, shows effective antifeedant against the carpet beetle. It is reported to be carcinogenic in the kidney and liver of rats. Lucidin-3-O-β-D-primeveroside displays a significant reduction of the blood glucose levels in anti-diabetic tests.

Oxyresveratrol , a dietary phenolic compound, has neuroprotective effect, as a potential nutritional candidate for protection against neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease; Oxyresveratrol has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2, it also as an antibrowning agent for cloudy apple juices and fresh-cut apples. Oxyresveratrol exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase which catalyzes rate-limiting steps of melanin biosynthesis.Oxyresveratrol exhibits the inhibitory activity at the early and late phase of viral replication and inhibited the viral replication with pretreatment in one-step growth assay of HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Schisantherin D shows good anti-HIV activity with the EC50 value of 0.5 micrograms/mL, and the therapeutic index (TI) value of 110.

Diammonium glycyrrhizinate shows antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects, it can reduce inflammatory injury in a rat model of ulcerative colitis, this may occur via suppression of NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 in colonic mucosa. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate may possibly protect the liver from injury via two pathways: direct protection of hepatocytes from apoptosis through an IL-6-dependent way and indirect inhibition of T-cell-mediated inflammation through an IL-10-dependent way. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate exerts potential beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease, it can attenuate Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal injury by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress and improve cognitive impairment in Aβ(1-42)-induced AD mice. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate also can inhibit airway smooth muscle proliferation possibly through up- regulation of PPARγ in a murine model of chronic asthma.