Anhydroicaritin exhibits immunosuppressive effects and has strong activity in scavenging DPPH radical. Anhydroicaritin can improve diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia and alleviate insulin resistance by suppressing SREBPs activation, it can serve as a leading compound for pharmacological control of metabolic diseases. Anhydroicaritin has the potential of stimulating the formation of mineralization nodules and further speeding up the formation of bone, it possesses significant protective effects on the zymosan-induced peritonitis mice, which may be associated with the regulation ofCa2+, influx in macrophages and iNOS expression.

4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-4-coumaric acid is a 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-coumaric acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-4-coumarate.

Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 24,25,26-trinoroleana-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-29-oic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2, a hydroxy substituent at position 3 and two methyl groups at positions 9 and 13. An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Potently inhibits lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NFB activation. Also shown to inhibit topoisomerase II activity in vitro (IC50 = 7.41 M). Celastrol is a potent proteasome inhibitor for the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM. Celastrol is also a novel HSP90 inhibitor, it has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor , antiangiogenesis, and antioxidant activities. Celastrol inhibits Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and inhibits VEGF receptors expression.

Homovanillic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a member of guaiacols and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a homovanillate. Homovanillic acid is used as a reagent to detect oxidative enzymes, and is associated with dopamine levels in the brain. Abnormalities in white matter were associated with low CSF Homovanillic acid.

12-Epinapelline is a natural product from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.

2-Hydroxy-6-tridecylbenzoic acid is a hydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.