Carvacrol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). It has a role as a TRPA1 channel agonist, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent, an agrochemical and a flavouring agent. It is a p-menthane monoterpenoid, a member of phenols and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene.

Scullcapflavone II is a tetramethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7, 8 and 6' and hydroxy groups at positons 5 and 2' respectively. It has a role as an anti-asthmatic drug, an EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a tetramethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone. Skullcapflavone II is a flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, a widely used herbal medicine in anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapy in Korea. Skullcapflavone II may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic asthma.

Cinnamyl alcohol is a primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified). It has a role as a plant metabolite. Cinnamyl alcohol could as a fragrance ingredient with no safety concerns, it readily autoxidizes upon air exposure, and forms strong sensitizers as determined by the local lymph node assay.

Ergosterol is the primary sterol found in fungi, with antioxidative, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects, ergosterol peroxide has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent to prevent renal fibrosis. Ergosterol can promote pheromone signaling and plasma membrane fusion in mating yeast, the critical requirement for ergosterol in V-ATPase function may underlie the antifungal activity of azoles. Ergosterol is a phytosterol consisting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a fungal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a member of phytosterols, a 3beta-sterol and an ergostanoid.

Cinnamaldehyde has vasodilator, anti-melanoma, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anticancer effects, it possesses anti-bacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cinnamaldehyde has toxicity and antifeedant activities against the grain storage insects, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Cinnamaldehyde inhibited the expression of VEGF and HIF-α. (E)-cinnamaldehyde is the E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. It has a role as a sensitiser, a hypoglycemic agent, a flavouring agent, a vasodilator agent, an antifungal agent, an EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a 3-phenylprop-2-enal and a member of cinnamaldehydes.

3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate is a monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender. It is a monoterpenoid and an acetate ester. It is functionally related to a linalool. Linalyl acetate, the main component of lavender oil is commonly used as a fragrance chemical in scented products. Linalyl acetate relaxes vascular smooth muscle through dephosphorylaton of myosin light chain. Linalyl acetate has genotoxicity.

The handsheet paper containing laccase and butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate shows a greater efficiency against the growth of bacteria.

Geraniol is a terpene alcohol occurring in the essential oils of several aromatic plants used in the flavour and fragrance industries. It also exhibits insecticidal and repellent properties and used as a natural pest control agent exhibiting low toxicity.Geraniol is a glutathion S transferase inhibitor, shows anticarcinogenic props. Geraniol is a monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a fragrance, an allergen and a plant metabolite. It is a primary alcohol, a 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol and a monoterpenoid.

Dictamnine shows anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, mutagenic, and has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. It has the ability to exert cytotoxicity in human cervix, colon, and oral carcinoma cells, it at higher concentrations(≥100uM) has potential hepatotoxicity because of the cell membrane damage and mitochondrial membrane damage. Dictamnine is an organic heterotricyclic compound, an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound, an oxacycle and an alkaloid antibiotic.

4-coumaric acid methyl ester is a cinnamate ester that is the methyl ester of 4-coumaric acid. It has a role as an antifungal agent, a melanin synthesis inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a plant metabolite and a fungal metabolite. It is a methyl ester, a member of phenols and a cinnamate ester. It is functionally related to a 4-coumaric acid. Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate is a model chromophore of the Photoactive Yellow Protein (PYP). Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate can reduce IL-8 secretion at 10 ug/mL treatment concentrations; it may significantly contribute to antibacterial activities of Noni leaves.

Linalool, is a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, which has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-anxiety, local anaesthetic, anti-leishmanicidal, and insecticidal properties. Linalool has dose-dependent marked sedative effects at the central nervous system (CNS), including hypnotic, anticonvulsant and hypothermic properties, it also has an inhibitory effect on the acetylcholine (ACh) release and on the channel open time in the mouse neuromuscular junction. The purified linalool fraction is only inhibitory for C. albicans. Linalool is a monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. It has a role as a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent, a fragrance and a plant metabolite. It is a monoterpenoid and a tertiary alcohol.

Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. It has a role as a sensitiser, a volatile oil component, an antibacterial agent, an analgesic, an antineoplastic agent, a flavouring agent, an EC 1.4.3. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with herbicide,sedative,analgesic,antibacterial,anthelmintic,anti-inflammatory, cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation, the mRNA expression of COX-2, but not COX-1 and inhibit the GABAA current in trigeminal ganglion neurons. It could be developed as therapeutic agent against diseases with excessive osteoclast activity.