Brevilin A is a strong impetus for the development of selective JAK-STAT inhibitors and therapeutic drugs in order to improve survival of patients with hyperactivated JAKs and STATs. Brevilin A shows antigiardial activity (IC50 = 16.1 μM) and is similarly active in vitro against Entamoeba histolytica (IC50 between 4.5 and 9 μM) and against Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 = 9.42 μM).

Carvacrol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). It has a role as a TRPA1 channel agonist, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent, an agrochemical and a flavouring agent. It is a p-menthane monoterpenoid, a member of phenols and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene.

Benzoic acid is a compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent. It has a role as an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, an antimicrobial food preservative, a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an algal metabolite and a drug allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a benzoate. Benzoic acid is a colorless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid, used as a food preservative. Benzoic acid can improve feed efficiency and diarrhoea, and improve gut microfloral composition.

Ethylparaben is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, used as an antifungal preservative and food additive. It is a standardized chemical allergen, has a certain reproductive toxicity to F0 male Drosophila.The physiologic effect of ethylparaben is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Ethylparaben is an ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol. It has a role as an antifungal agent, an antimicrobial food preservative, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is an ethyl ester and a paraben.

Mucrolidin is a eudesmane sesquiterpenoid that is eudesmane carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 4 and 6. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a triol and a eudesmane sesquiterpenoid.

Isovalerylshikonin, a new resistance-modifying agent from Arnebia euchroma, supresses antimicrobial resistance of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; it also has anti-mite activity. Isovalerylshikonin as a candidate of AChE inhibitor, it may prevent apoptotic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide in human and rat neuronal SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells.

Methyl beta-orcinolcarboxylate is a 4-hydroxybenzoate ester.

Syringic acid is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. It has potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic,antimicrobial, fungitoxicity, neuroprotective, antimitogenic, chemo-sensitizing, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-steatotic, and memory-enhancing properties. Syringic acid can ameliorate L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension by reducing oxidative stress, and can reduce the pancreatic damage induced by alloxan and stimulated β-cell regeneration in diabetic rats. Syringic acid can suppress hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver injury, it inhibits the activation of cultured hepatic stellate cells. Syringic acid is a dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of benzoic acids, a member of phenols and a dimethoxybenzene. It is functionally related to a gallic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a syringate.

Methyl syringate is a specific and selective activator of hTRPA1, can regulate food intake and gastric emptying through a TRPA1-mediated pathway and, by extension, can contribute to weight suppression. Methyl syringate has a unique inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin production. Methyl syringate could be effective to suppress hypoxia-induced inflammation, it inhibits the hypoxic induction of COX-2 expression and cell invasion through TRPA1 activation. Methyl syringate is a benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy group of syringic acid with methanol. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of phenols, a benzoate ester and a dimethoxybenzene. It is functionally related to a syringic acid.

2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone is a dihydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 4'. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyacetophenone and a member of resorcinols.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), is a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid and widely used in organic synthesis. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives has potential to as pan-HDAC inhibitors with anticancer properties. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid positively regulates the expression of gum cluster to promote EPS production in PXO99A; it can inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-hydroxybenzoate.

Eburicoic acid and TR2 have anti-inflammatory activity, the mechanism is related to the decrease of inflammatory cytokines and an increase of antioxidant enzyme activity, they protect the liver from CCl4-induced hepatic damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Eburicoic acid has significant anti-liver cancer effects and more distinctive mechanisms.

Cinnamaldehyde has vasodilator, anti-melanoma, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anticancer effects, it possesses anti-bacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cinnamaldehyde has toxicity and antifeedant activities against the grain storage insects, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Cinnamaldehyde inhibited the expression of VEGF and HIF-α. (E)-cinnamaldehyde is the E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. It has a role as a sensitiser, a hypoglycemic agent, a flavouring agent, a vasodilator agent, an antifungal agent, an EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a 3-phenylprop-2-enal and a member of cinnamaldehydes.