Chebulinic acid is a potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, also can inhibit SMAD-3 phosphorylation, inhibit H+ K+-ATPase activity; it also is a natural inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor-A mediated angiogenesis. Chebulinic acid has hypotensive, antioxidant, anti-HIV, and anti-ulcer activities. Chebulinic acid has inhibitory effect on erythroid differentiation likely through changing transcriptional activation of differentiation relative genes, it or other tannins might influence the efficiency of some anti-tumor drugs-induced differentiation or the hematopoiesis processes.

Hydrastine is a natural product found in Hydrastis canadensis. It has a role as a metabolite.

Epiberberine, a natural protoberberine alkaloid, is a potent inhibitor against both ureases with IC50 values of 3.0±0.01μM for HPU (ureases from Helicobacter pylori) and 2.3±0.01μM for JBU (ureases from jack bean); it also exhibits predominant cholinesterases (ChEs) inhibitory effects with IC(50) values ranging between 0.44-1.07 microM for AChE and 3.32-6.84 microM for BChE. Epiberberine has anti-adipogenic effect is mediated by downregulation of the Raf/MEK1/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Epiberberine also ha anti-alzheimer and antioxidant activities.

Carvacrol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). It has a role as a TRPA1 channel agonist, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent, an agrochemical and a flavouring agent. It is a p-menthane monoterpenoid, a member of phenols and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene.

Corypalmine (IC50=128.0±10.5 uM) can inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase. (-)-Corypalmine shows inhibition activity against spore germination of some fungi.

Hederagenin 3-O-arabinoside is a triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to an alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, an alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, a triterpenoid saponin and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a hederagenin. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Cauloside A exhibits concentration- and time-dependent mitochondriotoxic activities.

Eurycomanone has anti-cancer activity, it is cytotoxic on HepG2 cells by inducing apoptosis through the up-regulation of p53 and Bax, and down-regulation of Bcl-2.

Esculin has neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects, it is a plant coumarin compound that occur naturally in dietary plants or when supplemented in the diet probably inhibit the survival of E. coli O157 in the gut. Esculin has protective effects on dopamine(DA)-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Esculin has a protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice, it can inhibit the Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in LPS-induced ALI. Esculin is a hydroxycoumarin that is the 6-O-beta-D-glucoside of esculetin. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to an esculetin.

Jatrorrhizine has neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antihypercholesterolemic, and anti-hyperglycemia effects.Jatrorrhizine is expected to be developed as a new gastric prokinetic drug, it is metabolized by human CYP1A2 and multiple UGT1A isoforms. It has inhibitory activities against the expression of inducible NO syntase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and can improve the utilization and excretion of cholesterol by up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of LDLR and CYP7A1.

Dihydroberberine has anti-tumor activity. It also improves in vivo efficacy in terms of counteracting increased adiposity, tissue triglyceride accumulation, and insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rodents, thus is potential therapeutic reagents for type 2 diabetes treatment.

Coptisine is an efficient uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a Ki value of 5.8 μM and an IC50 value of 6.3 μM, it can consequently prevent neuron loss, reduce amyloid plaque formation, and ameliorate impaired cognition, it could as a potential new class of drugs for AD treatment. Coptisine has cardioprotection, anti- hypercholesterolemia, anti-fungal, anti-osteosarcoma, anti-hepatoma and anti-leukaemia activities, it also has antispasmodic and relaxant activity on a guinea-pig ileum. Coptisine is a natural product found in Coptis japonica. It has a role as a metabolite.

Pseudolaric Acid B has dual antiangiogenic, anti-fungal, anti-fertility, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and pro-apoptosis effects. Pseudolaric Acid B reversed the multidrug resistance of gastric neoplasm to chemotherapy drugs by downregulating the Cox-2/PKC-α/P-gp/mdr1 signaling pathway, it suppressed T lymphocyte activation through inhibition of NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways.

Aloperine has antitumor effects , it can suppress the tumor growth and promote cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in PCa cells. It attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced injury via anti-apoptotic activity and suppression of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Aloperine exhibits neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in vitro, it can ameliorate oxidative damage against early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage , most likely via the Nrf2-ARE survival pathway. Aloperine exerts significant inhibitive effects on acute inflammation and Type III and IV hypersensitivity caused by a variety of inflammatory agents. It protects mice against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating fibroblast proliferation and differentiation.

Demethyleneberberine, which is composed of a potential antioxidant structure, could penetrate the membrane of mitochondria and accumulate in mitochondria either in vitro or in vivo.Demethyleneberberine suppresses CYP2E1, hypoxia inducible factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which contributes to oxidative stress and restored sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α pathway-associated fatty acid oxidation in chronic ethanol-fed mice.