Chebulinic acid is a potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, also can inhibit SMAD-3 phosphorylation, inhibit H+ K+-ATPase activity; it also is a natural inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor-A mediated angiogenesis. Chebulinic acid has hypotensive, antioxidant, anti-HIV, and anti-ulcer activities. Chebulinic acid has inhibitory effect on erythroid differentiation likely through changing transcriptional activation of differentiation relative genes, it or other tannins might influence the efficiency of some anti-tumor drugs-induced differentiation or the hematopoiesis processes.

Camelliaside B is a natural product from Camellia oleifera Abel. Camelliaside b is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid are quality control markers in Aralia continentalis. Continentalic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, it shows moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 (lung), THP-1 (leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast) cell lines; it has minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of approximately 8-16 microg/mL against S. aureus, including the MSSA and MRSA standard strains.

Hydrastine is a natural product found in Hydrastis canadensis. It has a role as a metabolite.

Epiberberine, a natural protoberberine alkaloid, is a potent inhibitor against both ureases with IC50 values of 3.0±0.01μM for HPU (ureases from Helicobacter pylori) and 2.3±0.01μM for JBU (ureases from jack bean); it also exhibits predominant cholinesterases (ChEs) inhibitory effects with IC(50) values ranging between 0.44-1.07 microM for AChE and 3.32-6.84 microM for BChE. Epiberberine has anti-adipogenic effect is mediated by downregulation of the Raf/MEK1/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Epiberberine also ha anti-alzheimer and antioxidant activities.

Chebulagic acid is a potent DNA topoisomerase inhibitor, and is also COX-2 and 5-LOX dual inhibitor. Chebulagic acid may be of value as broad-spectrum antivirals for limiting emerging/ recurring viruses known to engage host cell glycosaminoglycans for entry. Chebulagic acid can be used to control blood glucose and manage type 2 diabetes, although clinical trials are needed.

Brevilin A is a strong impetus for the development of selective JAK-STAT inhibitors and therapeutic drugs in order to improve survival of patients with hyperactivated JAKs and STATs. Brevilin A shows antigiardial activity (IC50 = 16.1 μM) and is similarly active in vitro against Entamoeba histolytica (IC50 between 4.5 and 9 μM) and against Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 = 9.42 μM).

Patchouli alcohol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial effects, which may be mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of the mRNA expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. Patchouli alcohol significantly accelerates the recovery of the UV-induced skin lesions, evidently through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action, as well as down-regulation of the MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. Patchouli alcohol is a carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer). It is a sesquiterpenoid, a tertiary alcohol and a carbotricyclic compound.

Carvacrol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). It has a role as a TRPA1 channel agonist, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent, an agrochemical and a flavouring agent. It is a p-menthane monoterpenoid, a member of phenols and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene.

1,4-cineole is an oxabicycloalkane consisting of p-menthane with an epoxy bridge across positions 1 and 4. It has a role as a central nervous system depressant, a fumigant insecticide and a plant metabolite. It is a cineole and an oxabicycloalkane.

Ombuin is a dimethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' are replaced by methoxy groups. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a dimethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone and a member of flavonols. It is functionally related to a quercetin. It is a conjugate acid of a 7,4'-O-dimethylquercetin 3-olate. Ombuin has anti-inflammary activity, it inhibits some macrophage functions involved in the inflammatory process. Ombuin significantly and dose dependently inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma induced nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12].

Sophoraflavanone G is a tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial agent, an antimalarial and a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a tetrahydroxyflavanone. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. Kushenol F is a tyrosinase inhibitor, it shows significant inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase ( in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 69.9 microM). Kushenol F preferentially inhibits the MAO-B activity than MAO-A activity with the IC50 values of 63.1 and 103.7 microM, respectively.

Robustine is a quinoline alkaloid that is furo[2,3-b]quinoline substituted by a methoxy and a hydroxy group at positions 4 and 8 respectively. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a quinoline alkaloid, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and a cyclic ether.