Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects, it and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. Campesterol has anti-inflammatory effect, it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation, also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions. Campesterol is a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C28-steroid, a member of phytosterols and a 3beta-sterol. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a campestane.

Toralactone is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 9,10-dihydroxy-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-1-one substituted at positions 3 and 7 by methyl and methoxy groups respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a naphtho-alpha-pyrone, a lactone, a polyketide, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a member of phenols and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a nor-toralactone.

Bilobetin treatment ameliorates hyperlipidaemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance in rats by stimulating PPARα-mediated lipid catabolism.

Ankaflavin is a member of cyclohexenones.

Soyasaponin I is a triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having an alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(12)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a sialyltransferase inhibitor. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a triterpenoid saponin, a carbohydrate acid derivative and a trisaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a soyasapogenol B. Soyasaponin Bb can suppress Eca-9706 cell growth, reverse effects on over expression of c-met, VEGF, and induce cell apoptosis through inhibiting HDAC1-NF-kappaB and activating PETEN and caspase-3 signaling pathways.

Soyasaponins(Aa, Ab, Af, Ba, Bb, and Bb') together with their derivatives may represent viable candidates for effective vaccine adjuvants due to their higher and lower or non-haemolytic effects.Soyasaponins Ab and Bb prevent scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice without the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

Soyasapogenol A shows estrogenic and hepatoprotective activities, it directly prevents apoptosis of hepatocytes, and secondly, inhibits the elevation of plasma TNF-α, which consequently resulted in the prevention of liver damage in the concanavalin A-induced hepatitis model. Soyasapogenol A is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 21beta, 22beta and 24-positions. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.

Stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside is a steroid saponin that is (3beta,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a member of phytosterols, a steroid saponin and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a stigmasterol. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Stigmasterol glucoside, a constituent of Adenanthera pavonina seed and leaf, may be a plant anticancer agent.

Soyasapogenol B is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 22beta and 24-positions. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. Soyasapogenol B has anti-cancer, hypocholesterolemic, anticomplementary, hepatoprotective effects, it inhibits proliferation of cultured Hep-G2.

Cafestol has anticarcinogenic, peripheral antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits Cyclic-Strain-induced interleukin-8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vascular endothelial cells. Cafestol is a novel extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor with AP-1-targeted inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Cafestol acts as an agonist ligand for both FXR and PXR, and this may contribute to its impact on cholesterol homeostasis. Cafestol has protective effects against the CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity, which possibly involve mechanisms related to its ability to block the CYP2E1-mediated CCl(4) bioactivation and free radical scavenging effects. Cafestol has antidiabetic activity, it increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro and increases glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells. Cafestol also has a weak inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Cafestol is an organic heteropentacyclic compound and furan diterpenoid with formula C20H28O3 obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of coffee oil (a lipid fraction obtained from coffee beans by organic solvent extraction). It has a role as an antioxidant, a hypoglycemic agent, an antineoplastic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite.

Sesamin has antifibrotic, cholesterol-lowering, anti-cancer, antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory properties, it also might be beneficial in the prevention of hypertension and stroke. Sesamin attenuates intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in vitro in TNF-α-treated human aortic endothelial cells and in vivo in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice.Sesamin also can protect β-cells from damage caused by AGEs through suppressing NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress. (+)-sesamin is a lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a neuroprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a lignan, a member of benzodioxoles and a furofuran.

Atractyloside is a toxic compound from wedelia glauca. It acts as inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation by a specific interference with energy-transfer reactions, the effect is due to inhibition of the ADP utilizing process in the coupling system. Atractyloside, has been proposed for the antibiotic oligomycin, is an inhibitor of the energy-transfer reactions in animal mitochondria; it inhibits the phosphate uptake and the respiratory stimulation induced by P1-acceptor, but it does not interfere with the so-called resting respiration.

Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosylgalactoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol substituted by a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a kaempferol.

Alisol C can improve glucose uptake in Hep G2 cells, it may be one of the therapeutic material basis in hypoglycemic activities in A. orientalis. Alisol C,16,23-oxido-alisol B and alisol O in Zexie may cause nephrotoxicity.

Solanesol is a nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a primary alcohol and a nonaprenol. Solanesol can effectively scavenge lipid radicals to block lipid peroxidation, and inhibit effects on tyrosinase; it also can protect ethanol-induced L02 cell damage, which might be attributed to the activation of HO-1 and Hsp70.

Soyasaponin Aa and soyasaponin Ab dose-dependently markedly inhibit adipocyte differentiation and expression of various adipogenic marker genes, through the downregulation of the adipogenesis-related transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.