1,6,6-trimethyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-naphtho[1,2-g]benzofuran-10,11-dione is an abietane diterpenoid.

Continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid are quality control markers in Aralia continentalis. Continentalic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, it shows moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 (lung), THP-1 (leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast) cell lines; it has minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of approximately 8-16 microg/mL against S. aureus, including the MSSA and MRSA standard strains.

Licoflavone A is a member of flavones.

Solasonine displays leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Solasonine is a steroid, an azaspiro compound and an oxaspiro compound.

15,16-Dihydrotanshinone I is an abietane diterpenoid. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent.

Chelerythrine is a well-known protein kinase C inhibitor, can inhibit telomerase activity, it also can block the human P2X 7 receptor. Chelerythrine has antimanic, potential antiproliferative and antitumor effects, it has significant cytotoxic effect, independent of p53 and androgen status, on human prostate cancer cell lines. Chelerythrine chloride is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid.

(+)-Lirinidine has antioxidative activity, and it can significantly inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells; it also shows potent inhibition of melanogenesis. Lirinidine exhibits significant inhibition of collagen, arachidonic acid and platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation.

Ginsenoside Rk1 has anti-tumor, and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Ginsenoside Rk1 can strongly inhibit permeability induced by VEGF, advance glycation end-product, thrombin, or histamine in human retinal endothelial cells, it reduces the vessel leakiness of retina in a diabetic mouse model; this anti-permeability activity of Rk1 is correlated with enhanced stability and positioning of tight junction proteins at the boundary between cells; Rk1 induces phosphorylation of myosin light chain and cortactin, which are critical regulators for the formation of the cortical actin ring structure and endothelial barrier.

Ginsenoside Rk3 is often used as a major ingredient of the compound preparation for ischemic heart diseases, it could have a role in treating inflammatory diseases. Ginsenoside Rk3 significantly inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity, with an IC50 of 14.24±1.30 μM in HepG2 cells.

Mulberroside C shows weak activity (IC 50 =75.4 μg/ml) against herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1).

Amarogentin incorporated in liposomes or niosomes may have clinical application in the treatment of leishmaniasis. It plays cemopreventive/therapeutic role during liver carcinogenesis through modulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Amarogentin may offer therapeutic potential for preventing or treating thromboembolic disorders, it prevents platelet activation through the inhibition of PLC γ2-PKC cascade and MAPK pathway. Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite and an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor. It is a secoiridoid glycoside and a monosaccharide derivative.

Physcion is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antifungal agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and an apoptosis inducer. Physcion shows cytotoxic effect on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and its apoptosis induction in HeLa cells was investigated by the expressions of p53, p21, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, and caspase-3 proteins. Physcion controls powdery mildew mainly through changing the expression of defence-related genes, and especially enhancing expression of leaf-specific thionin in barley leaves.

Salvianolic acid C has antioxidant effect, it exhibits potent XOD inhibitory activity with an IC(50) of 9.07 μM. Salvianolic acid C enhances the inhibitory effects on sEH might be efficient ways to improve its cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory effects.

Asperulosidic acid has been recently used in chinese medicine as a useful drug against some tumors. It has anticlastogenic activity, since the anticlastogenic irridoids have an alpha-unsaturated carbonyl group, this structure is considered to play an important role in the anticlastogenicity. Asperulosidic acid can inhibit the seed germination and growth of seedlings of large crabgrass. Asperulosidic acid, and 6-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-O-octanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose are effective in suppressing 12-O-tedtradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell transformation and associated AP-1 activity. Asperulosidic acid is a glycoside and an iridoid monoterpenoid.

Germacrone has anti-tumor activity, it can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated caspase pathway. Germacrone shows antiviral activity against the H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses and the influenza B virus in a dose-dependent manner, exerts an effective protection of mice from lethal infection and reduces the virus titres in the lung. Germacrone also moderately inhibits CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 activities in vitro, with IC50 values below 10 uM, and produces two oxidized metabolites and four glutathione conjugates. (E,E)-germacrone is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid that has formula C15H22O. It is a natural product found in traditional medicinal plants of the family Zingiberaceae. The compound exhibits a range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-androgenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, neuroprotective and insecticidal activities.

Brevilin A is a strong impetus for the development of selective JAK-STAT inhibitors and therapeutic drugs in order to improve survival of patients with hyperactivated JAKs and STATs. Brevilin A shows antigiardial activity (IC50 = 16.1 μM) and is similarly active in vitro against Entamoeba histolytica (IC50 between 4.5 and 9 μM) and against Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 = 9.42 μM).

Bufalin a major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of the Chinese medicine Chan Su; has been shown to exert a potential for anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines in vitro. Bufalin is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the steroid receptor coactivators steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3 and SRC-1, it also as a potentially broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitor for cancer. Bufalin can partly reverse the MDR of K562/VCR cells, with a possible mechanism of down-regulating MRP1 expression and activating apoptosis pathway by altering Bcl-xL/Bax ratio. Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide.