Timosaponin AI can inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in a dose-dependent manner, the DPP-4 inhibitor has been clinically used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

8-O-Acetylharpagide is a glycoside and an iridoid monoterpenoid.

Yuanhuadine is a natural product found in Daphne genkwa. It has a role as a metabolite.

Cistanoside A possesses protective activities on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in mice, which is involved with increasing free radicals clearing activities, alleviating lipid-overoxidation damage, and improving respiratory chain function in mitochondria.

Siamenoside I is one of the mogrosides that has several kinds of bioactivities, it exhibits maltase inhibitory effect with the IC50 value of 12 mM.

3-fucosyllactose is a trisaccharide that is lactose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 of the glucosyl moiety has undergone formal condensation with the anomeric hydroxy group of fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose) to give the corresponding glycoside. Found in human milk. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a lactose.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Eriodictyol has vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, it is an antagonist of the transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) receptor. Eriodictyol may possess antidiabetic properties through increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin resistance, it attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in early diabetic rats. It may be a potential therapeutic resource for Atopic dermatitis and an adjunctive agent to control itchiness inAtopic dermatitis. (2R)-eriodictoyl-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the 7-O-glucuronide of (2R)-eriodictyol. Isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, it exhibits inhibitory activity for rat lens aldose reductase. It has a role as a metabolite and an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor. It is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid and a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid.

Moslosooflavone has anti-hypoxia activity, it can significantly prolong the survival time of hypoxic mice. Moslosooflavone significantly inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB in LPS/IFN-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Lycopene is the pigment principally responsible for the characteristic deep-red color of ripe tomato fruits and tomato products. Lycopene is an antioxidant scavenger, hypolipaemic agent, inhibitor of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factors, thus potentially of benefit in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lycopene may play a role in the prevention of Renal cell carcinoma, it also may play a role against obesity-related complications. Lycopene is an acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It contains a carotenoid psi-end derivative.

Tsugaric acid A can significantly inhibit superoxide anion formation in fMLP/CB-stimulated rat neutrophils, it is also able to protect human keratinocytes against damage induced by ultraviolet B (UV B) light, indicates that tsugaric acid A can protect keratinocytes from photodamage.

Moracin M is a phytoalexin. Moracin M inhibits PDE4D2, PDE4B2, PDE5A1, and PDE9A2 with the IC(50) values of 2.9, 4.5, >40, and >100 μM, respectively.

Ginkgolide C is a potent inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation, it may increase intracellular cAMP and cGMP production and MMP-9 activity, inhibit intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and TXA(2) production. Ginkgolide C has anti-adipogenic and ameliorating Alzheimer disease effects; it also can increase△LVP significantly,enhances the myocardial systolic and diastolic function of rats,but has no significant effect on HR while it shows inotropic activity.