Neomangiferin exhibits antidiabetic and antiosteoporotic actions; it has beneficial effects on high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, it also modulates the Th17/Treg balance and ameliorates colitis in mice.

Hypocrellin A, an a natural perylene quinine photosensitizers (PSs), can chelate with heavy metal ions, including Au(III) and Pt(IV), to form a 1:2 complex. Hypocrellin A has light-induced antitumor,antifungal and antiviral activities, it also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen.

Shikonin is a natural red naphthoquinone pigment, has antimicrobial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects; a purified shikonin preparation is widely used for the production of medicinals, cosmetics, and some food products; shikonin also enters into the antiinflammatory ointment and cream compositions used for the treatment of burns. It can suppress the cell viability, adhesion, invasion and migratory ability of MGC-803 cells through TLR2- or NF-κB-mediated pathway.

(-)-catechin-3-O-gallate is a gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of ()-catechin. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a polyphenol, a gallate ester and a member of flavans. It is functionally related to a gallic acid and a (-)-catechin. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate. Catechin, a cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.4 μM, which has antiangiogenic, antitumor, antioxidant, UV-protective, anti-aging, phytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects. Catechin shows its potential as biobased active packaging for fatty food, and exerts cardioprotection through treating many kinds of angiocardiopathy.

Hypericin is a photosensitive antiviral with anticancer and antidepressant agent . It can inhibit tyrosine kinases with IC50 of 7.5 μM. It can induce both apoptosis and necrosis in a concentration and light dose-dependent fashion, and inhibit RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis via affecting ERK signalling in vitro and suppresses wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. Hypericin is a carbopolycyclic compound. It has a role as an antidepressant. It derives from a hydride of a bisanthene.

Isovanillin is a member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. It has a role as a HIV protease inhibitor, an antifungal agent, an antidiarrhoeal drug, an EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor, an animal metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a member of benzaldehydes, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. Isovanillin is a reversible inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. It is largely used as pharmaceutical intermediates and also applied in food and beverage industry, synthetic fragrances, chemical. Isovanillin is a selective inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase, is metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase into isovanillic acid ,and the LD50 (rat, ipr) is 1276 mg/kg.

Isokaempferide shows hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects, the anti-inflammatory effects can be explained, at least in part, by reducing neutrophil degranulation, myeloperoxidase activity, mediators as well as TNF-alpha secretion. Isokaempferide is used as a bronchodilator, can induce relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea. 3-methoxyapigenin is a trihydroxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin.

Limonin is a widely used dietary supplement, one of the most prevalent citrus limonoids, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)activity. It induced a down regulation of TLR-2 ,TLR-4,TNF-α, TNF-α/IL-10,NF-κB and caspase. It showed the potent inhibition of CYP3A4, with IC50 values of 6.20 μM (CYP3A4/testosterone) and 19.10 μM (CYP3A4/midazolam). Limonin is a member of furans, a lactone, an epoxide, a limonoid, an organic heterohexacyclic compound and a hexacyclic triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite, a volatile oil component and an inhibitor.

Ganoderic acid B is a chemical marker in quality control of G. lucidum and related products. Ganoderic acid B-containing herbs has potential influence towards therapeutic window of trifluoperazine.Ganoderic acid B has antinociceptive effect; it is moderately active inhibitors against HIV-1 protease with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.17-0.23 mM.

Carnosic acid is an abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 12 and a carboxy group at position 20. It is isolated from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and common sage (Salvia officinalis) and exhibits anti-angiogenic, antineoplastic, antioxidant and anti-HIV activity.

Sophocarpine has anti-cachectic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. It has significant antivirus effects against coxsackievirus B3 and therapeutic effects for viral myocarditis in clinical, can ameliorate the ischemic injury induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for chronic liver diseases. Sophocarpine inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, JNK, iNOS, COX-2, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, TLR4, and activated signaling pathway of AMPK.

Azadirachtin has antifungal activity, it used as insecticides.

2'-deoxycytidine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having cytosine as the nucleobase. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a cytosine.

Lucialdehyde B is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-dien-26-al substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 7. Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma pfeifferi, it exhibits antiviral and cytotoxic activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-HSV agent. It is a steroid aldehyde, a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a cyclic terpene ketone and a 7-oxo steroid. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Lucialdehyde B exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus. It shows cytotoxic effects on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), T-47D, Sarcoma 180, and Meth-A tumor cell lines.

Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is an aporphine alkaloid, a member of phenols and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to an aporphine.