Magnolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-histaminic, and antioxidative effects, it might be a naturally occurring chemoprevention and therapeutic agent capable of inhibiting cell proliferation and transformation by targeting ERK1 and ERK2. Magnolin can ameliorate the renal tubular necrosis, apoptosis, and the deterioration of renal function, it reduces the renal oxidative stress, suppresses caspase-3 activity, and increases Bcl-2 expression in vivo and in vitro.

Betulin (Trochol), is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.5 μM in K562 cell line. Betulin has hypoglycemic, antineoplastic, anti-HIV, antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activities. Betulin can improve hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance and reduce atherosclerotic plaques. Betulin inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and NF-κB signaling activation through STAT3 signaling, it is associated with activation of AMP kinase and inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/pS6 signaling in these cells. Betulin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents. It has a role as an antiviral agent, a metabolite, an analgesic, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a diol and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a lupane.

Phillyrin is a novel AMPK activator, has anti-obesity effects in nutritive obesity mice, it can prevent lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1/AMPK activation. Phillyrin may be a new preventive agent of acute lung injury in the clinical setting, it potentially contributes to the suppression of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Praeruptorin E is a cardiotonic agent with selective cardiac calcium channel agonistic effect, it can relax swine coronary artery and decrease contractility in guinea-pig left atria. Praeruptorin E may be useful in the therapy of lung injury, it can protect mice from hydrochloric acid (HCl)-induced lung injury by inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) influx, IL-6 release and protein exudation.

Narcissoside is a good 15-LO and α-glucosidase inhibitor, it with synergism of B.flavum flavonoid and rutin, could be responsible for stronger protection against mitochondrial induced oxidative stress. Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside is a monomethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative.

Orientin has various activities including anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, vasodilatation and cardioprotective, antiadipogenesis, antinociceptive, radiation protective, neuroprotective, and antidepressant-like effects. Orientin protects H9c2 cardio-mytocytes against I/R-induced apoptosis by modulating the mPTP opening, and this role of orientin may involve the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; it also can decrease C/EBPα and PPARγ protein expression level in 3T3-L1 cells. Orientin is a C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a luteolin.

Diphyllin could be characterized as a new V-ATPase inhibitor in treating gastric cancer and inhibiting the phosphorylation of LRP6 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Diphyllin has anti-inflammatory activities, it shows 50% inhibition of NO production from peritoneal macrophages. Diphyllin also has in vitro antileishmanial activity, it exerts a strong specific inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.2 microM) resulting from the inhibition of parasite internalization within macrophages.