6-Shogaol has anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects, it can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis. 6-Shogaol induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in relation to caspase activation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, affects the ER stress signaling by regulating unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor PERK and its downstream target eIF2α.

Oleuropein aglycone is a secoiridoid that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2R,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars. Oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, hypolipidemic, in vitro antimycoplasmal , anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects., it also may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress. Oleuropein prevents oxidative myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion, and reduces viremia in duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-infected ducks. Oleuropein reduces TLR and MAPK signaling.

Fucoxanthin shows anti-obesity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic effects. Dietary combination of fucoxanthin and fish oil attenuates the weight gain of white adipose tissue and decreases blood glucose in obese/diabetic KK-Ay mice. Fucoxanthin suppresses the inflammation of endotoxin-induced uveitis by blocking the iNOS and COX-2 protein expression and its anti-inflammatory effect on eye is comparable with the effect of predinisolone used in similar doses. Fucoxanthin is an epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, a neuroprotective agent, a CFTR potentiator, an apoptosis inhibitor, a marine metabolite, a plant metabolite, a food antioxidant and an algal metabolite. It is a tertiary alcohol, an epoxycarotenol, a secondary alcohol, a member of allenes and an acetate ester.

Polygodial is an aldehyde.

1-Monomyristin is a 1-monoglyceride with tetradecanoyl (myristoyl) as the acyl group. It has a role as a Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite. It is a 1-monoglyceride and a tetradecanoate ester. 1-Monomyristin was extracted from Serenoa repens and inhibited the hydrolysis of 2-oleoyl glycerol (IC50=32 μ M) and the activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) (IC50=18 μ M). 1-Monomyristin has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and actinomycetes, as well as antifungal activity against Candida albicans.

N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine is a member of styrenes.

p-Synephrine is widely used in weight loss and weight management as well as in sports performance products, which has antidepressant-like effects in the murine models of forced swimming and tail suspension, it also exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Synephrine inhibits eotaxin-1 expression via the STAT6 signaling pathway. Synephrine is a phenethylamine alkaloid that is 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at the amino nitrogen. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic agonist and a plant metabolite. It is a member of ethanolamines, a member of phenols and a phenethylamine alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a synephrinium.

Yangonin is a novel CB₁ receptor ligand, it exhibits affinity for the human recombinant CB₁ receptor, it is also an effective inhibitor of EV-A71 infection in the low-micromolar. Yangonin could be a valuable candidate for the intervention of NF-κB-dependent pathological conditions such as inflammation.Yangonin induces autophagy and sensitizes bladder cancer cells to flavokawain A and docetaxel via inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Yangonin is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

Stachyose, as prebiotics, can prevent indirectly colon cancer cell growth by promoting the proliferation of probiotics or producing beneficial materials in the intestine.Stachyose inhibits Caco-2 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Stachyose with an RS3 carrier has better preventative effects on colitis than Stachyose alone in mice. Stachyose is a tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(16)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a tetrasaccharide and a raffinose family oligosaccharide. It is functionally related to a raffinose and a sucrose.

10-Gingerol is a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and a beta-hydroxy ketone. 10-Gingerol is an AMPK agonist found in fresh ginger rhizome oil resin, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits neointimal hyperplasia and suppresses the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. The IC50 value of 10-Gingerol for DPPH radical scavenging activity is 10.47 μ M, for superoxide radical scavenging activity is 1.68 μ M, and for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity is 1.35 μ M. 10 Gingerol has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line, with an IC50 value of 12.1 μ M. 10-Gingerol inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion, and induces apoptosis by targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231/IR cells. 10-Gingerol is expected to be used in research on ulcerative colitis. 10-Gingerol has anti-cancer, anti-neuroinflammatory, and anti-bacterial effects, it effectively inhibits the growth of the oral pathogens, and inhibits exogenous ghrelin deacylation.10-Gingerol induces [Ca2+]i rise by causing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx from non-L-type Ca2+ channels in SW480 cancer cells.10-Gingerol-induced apoptosis was accompanied by phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) family, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK (p38), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).

Corylin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-proliferation, and anti-inflammatory properties, it may stimulate bone formation or have potential activity against osteoporosis. Corylin shows an inhibitory effect on IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in Hep3B cells.

Beta-mangostin has cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory effects, it exhibits strong antibacterial activity against B. cereus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the MIC value of 0.25, and 6.25 microg/ml, respectively. It also shows antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC(50) values of 7.2 microg/ml.

Euphol, a novel cannabinoid agonist, it has anti-inflammatory action, it can prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice, it also prevents inflammatory and neuropathic persistent pain in rodents. Euphol arrests breast cancer cells at the G1 phase through the modulation of cyclin D1, p21 and p27 expression.