Lutein and lycopene has chemopreventive activity, the possible mechanism is their antioxidant effects. Nutritional supplementation with lutein or lutein together with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, improves visual function and symptoms in atrophic age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food colouring. It derives from a hydride of a (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene.

Benzoylmesaconine is a diterpene alkaloid with formula C31H43NO10 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an analgesic and a plant metabolite. It is a diterpene alkaloid, a tertiary alcohol, a tetrol, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a benzoate ester, an organic heteropolycyclic compound, a polyether and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane. Benzoylmesconine has analgesic activity. Benzoylmesconine may improve the resistance of T6S-mice (or thermally injured mice) to the infection of HSV-1, through the induction of antagonistic CD4+ T cells against burn-associated type-2 T cells.

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, blood-sugar-lowering, antiaging, and anti-cancer properties. It has a wide spectrum of targets including cyclooxygenases(i.e. COX, IC50=1.1 μM), lipooxygenases（LOX, IC50=2.7 μM, kinases, sirtuins, c-IAP1, c-IAP2, livin and XIAP. Resveratrol regulates gene transcription via activation of the stimulus-regulated protein kinases Raf and ERK and the stimulus-responsive transcription factors TCF and Egr-1.

Berberine has neuroprotective, antidepressant, antineoplastic, and anti- fibrosis activities; it is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, it may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS; it also may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states.Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 75160.

Alpha-terpineol is a terpineol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl group at position 2. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Alpha-Terpineol has antitumour, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, it inhibits the growth of tumour cells through a mechanism that involves inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway; it can suppress the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated human macrophages by interfering with the NF-kB, p38 or ERK MAPK pathways. Alpha-Terpineol may have utility as an anti-MRSA cleansing agent for dental instruments and dental unit chairs. Alpha Terpineol can be found in Eucalyptus globulus Labill and has oral activity. Alpha Terpineol has strong antibacterial activity against periodontal disease and cariogenic bacteria. In addition, α - Terpineol also has antifungal activity (T. mentagrophytes), which may lead to irreversible cell division. Meanwhile, α - Terpineol has anti neuropathic and anti-inflammatory activities. Alpha Terpineol can be used for research in areas such as diarrhea, neuropathic pain, infection, inflammation, metabolism, etc.

Berberrubine possesses diverse pharmacological activities, including glucose-lowering, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Berberrubine dose-dependently inhibits IL-8 and MCP-1 protein levels in the media and mRNA expression of the cells stimulated with IL-1beta or TNF-alpha.

Euphol, a novel cannabinoid agonist, it has anti-inflammatory action, it can prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice, it also prevents inflammatory and neuropathic persistent pain in rodents. Euphol arrests breast cancer cells at the G1 phase through the modulation of cyclin D1, p21 and p27 expression.

Gardenoside has hepatoprotective, pain‑relieving, and anti-mastitis effects. it may be a potential therapeutic herb against NASH by suppressed supernatant inflammatory cytokine production and intracellular NFkB activity. Gardenoside may be considered potential drug candidates that target P2X3 and P2X7 purine receptors.

Yunaconitine is a diterpene alkaloid with formula C35H49NO11 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. It has a role as an antifeedant, a xenobiotic, a phytotoxin, a plant metabolite and a human urinary metabolite. It is a diterpene alkaloid, a tertiary alcohol, an aromatic ether, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a benzoate ester, an organic heteropolycyclic compound, a polyether, an acetate ester and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane. Yunaconitine has anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions. It can increase serum total complement as well as the phag-ocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system in mice, these effects are considered to be beneficial in the clearance of pathogenic antigens, and may be the immunopharmacological basis of antiinflammatory actions of yunaconitine.

N-[(7S)-1,2-dimethoxy-10-(methylthio)-9-oxo-3-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]oxy]-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]acetamide is a glycoside.

Sphondin may have anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities, it may act as a potent inhibitor of NO production under tissue-damaging inflammatory conditions, it also possesses an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE(2) release in A549 cells through suppression of NF-kappaB activity. Sphondin, 8-methoxypsoralen, and khellin have delayed phototoxic effects inAedes aegypti.

Berberine hydrochloride has anticancer, antifungi, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities, it can significantly attenuate neutrophil infiltration, suppress myeloperoxidase activity, decrease NO, TNF-αand IL-1βproduction, inhibits the phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and the degradation of its inhibitor, IκBα. Berberine chloride (TN) is an organic molecular entity.

Bullatine A possesses anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects, may be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as arthritis. Bullatine A produces antinociception without induction of tolerance and inhibits morphine antinociceptive tolerance, and provide pharmacological basis for concurrent bullatine A and morphine treatment for chronic pain and morphine analgesic tolerance.

Linderane is a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2C9.