Chikusetsusaponin IVa is a novel AMPK activator, can induce insulin secretion from βTC3 cells via GPR40 mediated calcium and PKC pathways, may be developed into a new potential for therapeutic agent used in T2DM patients.Chikusetsusaponin IVa exerts antithrombotic effects, including minor hemorrhagic events. Chikusetsusaponin-IVa is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.

Bayogenin, arjunolic acid, hederagonic acid and 4-epi-hederagonic acid are gly-cogen phosphorylase inhibitors with moderate potency. Bayogenin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.

3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid exhibits anti-angiogenic effects, it inhibits proliferation, migration and tube formation of umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose-dependent manner; it can inhibit VEGF-A-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in an oral squamous cell carcinoma animal model. 3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid. 3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid is a type of oleanolic acid extracted from Vigna sinensis K. seeds, which can induce cancer cell apoptosis and has anti angiogenic effects.

1-Octacosanol is an ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is octacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol and a fatty alcohol 28:0. It derives from a hydride of an octacosane. 1-Octacosanol is reported to possess cholesterol-lowering effects, antiaggregatory properties, cytoprotective use, and ergogenic properties, it is used as a nutritional supplement. 1-Octacosanol is a straight chain aliphatic 28 carbon fatty alcohol and the main component of cholesterol lowering agent docosanol. 1-Octacosanol has various activities such as anti fatigue, anti angiogenesis, cholesterol lowering, and insecticidal.

Alpha Typerone is associated with downregulation of Cox-2, IL-6, Nck-2, Cdc42, and Rac1 expression, thereby reducing inflammatory response.

Ardisiacrispin A has cytotoxic activity toward HepG2 cancer cell with the GI(50) value of 1.56μM, it could inhibit the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells by inducing apoptosis and disassembling microtubule.Ardisiacrispin(A+B) exhibit prominent abilities to inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells by blocking the cell cycle at S phase and inducing apoptosis. Ardisiacrispin A is a common triterpenoid saponin found in species of the Ardisia genus. Some triterpenoid saponins from A. crenata, a species belonging to the Taurus genus, have cytotoxic effects, immunomodulatory and antiviral activities on tumor cells, and Ardisiacrispin A shares similar biological characteristics with it.

Berberine has neuroprotective, antidepressant, antineoplastic, and anti- fibrosis activities; it is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, it may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS; it also may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states.Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 75160. Berberine is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antioxidant, a metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an antilipemic drug, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.

Alpha-Hederinis a triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a triterpenoid saponin and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a hederagenin. alpha-Hederin possesses several biological properties such as antispasmodic, moliscicidic, anthelmithic and inhibiting cell proliferation, it exhibits a strong antiproliferative activity on all stages of development of the parasite by altering membrane integrity and potential in Leishmania. alpha-Hederin has anti-oxidant activity and acute anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. alpha-Hederin can increase isoprenaline-induced relaxation indirectly, probably by inhibiting heterologous desensitization induced by high concentrations of muscarinic ligands like. Alpha Hederin (α - Hederin) is a single bridged triterpenoid saponin that has excellent anti-tumor effects on various tumor cells. Alpha Hederin can inhibit gastric cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and reduce glutathione and reactive oxygen species production by activating mitochondrial dependent pathways.

Dihydromethysticin non-competitively inhibits the specific binding of [3H]-batrachotoxinin-A 20-alpha-benzoate to receptor site 2 of voltage-gated Na+ channels.The induction of CYP3A23 by dihydromethysticin and desmethoxyyangonin involves transcription activation, probably through a pregnane X receptor (PXR).-independent or PXR-involved indirect mechanism. Dihydromethysticin is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

Licochalcone B has antitumor, antimetastatic, cardioprotective, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, it can significantly inhibit LPS-induced phosphorylation at serine 276 and transcriptional activation of NF-KB. Licochalcone B can protect the liver from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced injury, the protection may be due to inhibition of p38 and NFκB signaling, which subsequently reduces inflammation in the liver.