Alismoxide shows an inhibitory effect on the contraction of isolated bladder smooth muscle induced by carbachol; it demonstrates cytostatic action in HeLa cells, revealing potential use in virostatic cocktails. Alismoxide has inhibitory effects on vascular contraction induced by high concentration of KCl; it also shows an inhibitory effect on the direct passive Arthus reaction (DPAR) in rats in the type III allergic model. Alismoxide is a natural compound.

15,16-Dihydrotanshinone I is an abietane diterpenoid. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent.

Bavachin is a phytoestrogen that activates the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ with EC50s of 320 and 680 nM, respectively. It is a cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes by activating insulin signaling pathways. Bavachin can stimulate the genetic expression of VEGF in PB,and directly help the fracture healing, and potentially protect cartilage from inflammation-mediated damage in joints of osteoarthritis patients through decreasing IL-1β-induced activation of IKK-IκBα-NF-κB signaling pathway. Bavachin has suppressive effects against pigmentation by melanin in the skin.

Bufalin a major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of the Chinese medicine Chan Su; has been shown to exert a potential for anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines in vitro. Bufalin is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the steroid receptor coactivators steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3 and SRC-1, it also as a potentially broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitor for cancer. Bufalin can partly reverse the MDR of K562/VCR cells, with a possible mechanism of down-regulating MRP1 expression and activating apoptosis pathway by altering Bcl-xL/Bax ratio. Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide.

Harmine hydrochloride has potent anti-cancer effects in glioblastoma cells, which is at least partially via inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.

Decursinol is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 7,8-dihydro-2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-2-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 7 and two methyl groups at position 8. It is isolated from the roots of Angelica gigas and has been found to possess significant inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase enzyme (EC 3.1.1.7). It has a role as a metabolite, an analgesic, an antineoplastic agent and an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor. Decursinol may be a beneficial antimetastatic agent, targeting MMPs and its upstream signaling molecules; it inhibits the proliferation and invasion of CT-26 colon carcinoma cells, might via downregulated ERK and JNK phosphorylation. Aspirin-decursinol has neuroprotective effects, may be closely related to the attenuation of ischemia-induced gliosis and maintenance of antioxidants.

Formononetin is a phytoestrogen, could be used in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has antitumorigenic effects, suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; it also exhibits antiviral activities against some members of Picornaviridae, could inhibit EV71-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via MAPKs pathway including ERK, p38 and JNK. Formononetin is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones and a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to a daidzein. It is a conjugate acid of a formononetin(1-).

5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a member of chromones.

Galangin is an agonist/antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor, and also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity. Galangin has anti-proliferation, anti-metastatic, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, antiviral, anti-allergic inflammatory,anti-obesity effects; it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of vitiligo. Galangin can inhibit Topo I activity and reduce the unwinding rate of single stranded DNNA in tumor cells, which plays an important role in induction of A549 and H46 cell apoptosis. Galangin shows an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with the IC(50) of 120 microM; it also inhibits ERK, NF-κB-p65 and proinflammatory gene expression. Galangin is a 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol.

Dehydroevodiamine hydrochloride has novel anti-cholinesterase and antiamnesic activities, it inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent and non-competitive manner(IC50=37.8 microM); its potent antiamnesic effect is thought to be due to the combined effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and the known cerebral blood flow enhancement. Dehydroevodiamine hydrochloride (0.1-0.3 mg/kg iv) can increase the cerebral blood flow recorded from the surface of the supra-sylvian gyrus in anesthetized cats, suggest that it selectively increases cerebral blood flow.

Caudatin has anticancer activity, due partly to its inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells through caspase activation.It inhibits carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cell growth and angiogenesis by targeting GSK3β/β-catenin pathway and suppressing VEGF production. Caudatin exhibits significantly inhibitory activity against HBV DNA replication with IC50 values in the range of 2.82-7.48 μM.

Ellagic acid is an organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. It has a role as an EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor, a geroprotector, an antioxidant, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an EC 5. Ellagic acid is a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM. Ellagic acid has anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties, it can prevent cognitive and LTP deficits and also prevent brain inflammation following TBI. Ellagic acid reduced the expression of NO, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2 and NF-κB, and induced the production of GSH and IL-10.

Aristololactam, the main metabolite of aristolochic acid , it can lead to renal damage, the cytotoxic potency of Aristololactam is higher than that of aristolochic acid and that the cytotoxic effects of these molecules are mediated through the induction of apoptosis in a caspase 3-dependent pathway.