Sennoside B is a member of the class of sennosides that is (9R,9'S)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-9,9'-bianthracene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4', by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5', and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10'. It is an oxo dicarboxylic acid and a member of sennosides. Sennoside B, a major purgative component, has a potential utility in the treatment of proliferative diseases, through inhibiting PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation by binding to PDGF-BB and its receptor and by down-regulating the PDGFR-beta signaling pathway. It and sennoside A also possess significant gastroprotective activities .

Physcion is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antifungal agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and an apoptosis inducer. Physcion shows cytotoxic effect on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and its apoptosis induction in HeLa cells was investigated by the expressions of p53, p21, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, and caspase-3 proteins. Physcion controls powdery mildew mainly through changing the expression of defence-related genes, and especially enhancing expression of leaf-specific thionin in barley leaves.

Steviol is an ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a tertiary allylic alcohol, a monocarboxylic acid, a bridged compound, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid and a tetracyclic diterpenoid. It is a conjugate acid of a steviol(1-). Steviol, a natural sweetener, it inhibits proliferation of the gastrointestinal cancer cells intensively. Steviol can treat polycystic kidney disease, it slowed cyst growth, in part, by reducing AQP2 transcription, promoted proteasome, and lysosome-mediated AQP2 degradation. Steviol can induce a significant increase in CYP3A29 expression.

Rhein has many pharmacological effects, including epatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities, it has been proved effective in treatment of experimental diabetic nephropathy , one of the mechanism is the Inhibition of the hexosamine pathway. Rhein has protective effect on liver injury, the mechanisms possibly contribute to its action of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, also associated with its effect of inhibiting TGF-β1 and suppressing the activation of hepatic stellate cells.

Emodin has neuroprotective and antidepressant activity, can up-regulate GR and BDNF levels in hippocampus; it also has significant anti-neoplastic activity against bladder cancer cells and myeloid leukemia, by suppressing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), iNOS and COX-2 expression. Emodin has protective effects, may be related to the inhibition of CCL5 expression and subsequent cell stress/inflammatory events possibly mediated by activation of MAPK signaling pathways. Emodin anthrone is a member of the class of anthracenones that is anthracen-9(10H)-one which carries a methyl group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 8, respectively. It is an intermediate precursor in the synthesis of hypericin. It has a role as a fungal metabolite. It is an anthracenone and a member of phenols.

Trans-rhaponticin is a rhaponticin in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. It possesses a range of pharmacological activities including antitumour, antiinflammatory, antilipemic and neuroprotective activities. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antilipemic drug, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an anti-allergic agent, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, an EC 2.3.1.

Guaifenesin is also a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Guaifenesin has antitussive effects, it can inhibit the cough-reflex sensitivity in acute viral cough, it is an expectorant commonly by thinning the mucus or phlegm in the lungs.

Alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose is a disaccharide consisting of alpha-L-rhamnose and beta-D-glucose linked via a 12 glycosidic bond. It has a role as a metabolite.

Physcion shows cytotoxic effect on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and its apoptosis induction in HeLa cells was investigated by the expressions of p53, p21, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, and caspase-3 proteins. Physcion controls powdery mildew mainly through changing the expression of defence-related genes, and especially enhancing expression of leaf-specific thionin in barley leaves.

Kobusin, a Calmodulin inhibitor, shows mild antiplasmodial,anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities; it may be beneficial for the treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases through the inhibition of iNOS expression and peroxynitrite scavenging potential. Kobusin can mildly reduce gastrointestinal motility in mice, it activates CFTR and CaCCgie chloride channel activities in mouse colonic epithelia and shows inhibitory effects toward ANO1/CaCC-mediated short-circuit currents in ANO1/CaCC-expressing FRT cells. Demethoxyaschantin is a member of the class of furofurans that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole carrying an additional 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl substituent at position 4. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a lignan, a member of benzodioxoles, a furofuran and a dimethoxybenzene.

Sennoside D is a natural product from Cassia angustifolia.

Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol has anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and anti-diabetic properties, it can play metabolic roles in the insulin-stimulated glucose transport pathway; it can inhibit NALP3 inflammasome activation and ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice; it also is active against plant powdery mildew.