1,6,6-trimethyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-naphtho[1,2-g]benzofuran-10,11-dione is an abietane diterpenoid.

Licoflavone A is a member of flavones.

Solasonine displays leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Solasonine is a steroid, an azaspiro compound and an oxaspiro compound.

Ginsenoside Rk3 is often used as a major ingredient of the compound preparation for ischemic heart diseases, it could have a role in treating inflammatory diseases. Ginsenoside Rk3 significantly inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity, with an IC50 of 14.24±1.30 μM in HepG2 cells.

Mulberroside C shows weak activity (IC 50 =75.4 μg/ml) against herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1).

Physcion is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antifungal agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and an apoptosis inducer. Physcion shows cytotoxic effect on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and its apoptosis induction in HeLa cells was investigated by the expressions of p53, p21, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, and caspase-3 proteins. Physcion controls powdery mildew mainly through changing the expression of defence-related genes, and especially enhancing expression of leaf-specific thionin in barley leaves.

Salvianolic acid C has antioxidant effect, it exhibits potent XOD inhibitory activity with an IC(50) of 9.07 μM. Salvianolic acid C enhances the inhibitory effects on sEH might be efficient ways to improve its cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory effects.

Asperulosidic acid has been recently used in chinese medicine as a useful drug against some tumors. It has anticlastogenic activity, since the anticlastogenic irridoids have an alpha-unsaturated carbonyl group, this structure is considered to play an important role in the anticlastogenicity. Asperulosidic acid can inhibit the seed germination and growth of seedlings of large crabgrass. Asperulosidic acid, and 6-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-O-octanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose are effective in suppressing 12-O-tedtradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell transformation and associated AP-1 activity. Asperulosidic acid is a glycoside and an iridoid monoterpenoid.

Germacrone has anti-tumor activity, it can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated caspase pathway. Germacrone shows antiviral activity against the H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses and the influenza B virus in a dose-dependent manner, exerts an effective protection of mice from lethal infection and reduces the virus titres in the lung. Germacrone also moderately inhibits CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 activities in vitro, with IC50 values below 10 uM, and produces two oxidized metabolites and four glutathione conjugates. (E,E)-germacrone is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid that has formula C15H22O. It is a natural product found in traditional medicinal plants of the family Zingiberaceae. The compound exhibits a range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-androgenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, neuroprotective and insecticidal activities.

Bufalin a major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of the Chinese medicine Chan Su; has been shown to exert a potential for anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines in vitro. Bufalin is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the steroid receptor coactivators steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3 and SRC-1, it also as a potentially broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitor for cancer. Bufalin can partly reverse the MDR of K562/VCR cells, with a possible mechanism of down-regulating MRP1 expression and activating apoptosis pathway by altering Bcl-xL/Bax ratio. Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide.

Gomisin G is a drug candidate for treatment of cardiovascular disease, and it is a good substrate of CYP2C9, and can be easily affected by the inhibitors of CYP2C9. Gomisin G exhibits anti-tumor activities, it exhibits potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 and therapeutic index (TI) values of 0.006 microgram/mL and 300, respectively.

Picrocrocin is a beta-D-glucoside of beta-cyclocitral; the precursor of safranal. It is the compound most responsible for the bitter taste of saffron. It is functionally related to a beta-cyclocitral.

Gomisin D is a natural product from Schizandra chinensis.

Hypocrellin A, an a natural perylene quinine photosensitizers (PSs), can chelate with heavy metal ions, including Au(III) and Pt(IV), to form a 1:2 complex. Hypocrellin A has light-induced antitumor,antifungal and antiviral activities, it also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen.

Isobavachin can stimulate osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation; it also can facilitate mouse embryonic stem cells differentiating into neuronal cells, the mechanism involved protein prenylation and, subsequently, phos-ERK activation and the phos-p38 off pathway. Isobavachin possesses estrogen-like activity in MCF-7/BOS cells, it can significantly stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7/BOS cells in a dose-dependent manner. Isobavachin has cytotoxic effects on H4IIE hepatoma and metabolically poorly active C6 glioma cells.

Aloe emodin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is an aromatic primary alcohol and a dihydroxyanthraquinone. It is functionally related to a chrysazin. Aloe emodin (Rhabarberone) is a natural hydroxy anthraquinone with anti-tumor activity. Aloe emodin (Rhacarberone) can bind to mTORC2 and inhibit its kinase activity. Aloe emodin (Rhabarberone) exerts anti proliferative effects and induces cell apoptosis. Aloe emodin (Rhabarberone) also exhibits antiviral activity against influenza A virus.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Bruceoside A could be transformed into the potent anticancer component brusatol in vivo, rather than its direct deglycosylated metabolite bruceosin. It significantly inhibited P-388 lymphocytic leukemic cell RNA and protein synthesis in tissue culture.

Cryptotanshinone is a potent STAT3 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.6 μM, and inhibits STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation in DU145 prostate cancer cells. It is also an AR inhibitor to suppress androgen/AR-mediated cell growth and PSA expression by blocking AR dimerization and the AR-coregulator complex formation. Cryptotanshinone has anti-atherosclerosis, neuroprotective, anti-cancer,and anti-neointimal formation activities. Cryptotanshinone reverses DEX-induced androgen excess and ovarian IR in mice through activation of insulin signaling and the regulation of glucose transporters and hormone-synthesizing enzymes, it has an inhibitory effect on MMP-9 production and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells treated with TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. Cryptotanshinone is an abietane diterpenoid. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent.