Isopimpinellin has chemopreventive effects, it effectively inhibits mouse COH activity (IC50 values 19-40 microM).Isopimpinellin is a new inhibitor against the Leishmania APRT enzyme.

Angelicin is a furanocoumarin. Angelicin has anti-cancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities;it regulates LPS-induced inflammation via inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Angelicin is a powerful inducer of erythroid differentiation and -globin mRNA accumulation of human leukemia K562 cells, it is a potential therapeutic approach in hematological disorders, including -beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. ngelicin is a type of furan coumarin NF - κ B and MAPK signaling inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-tumor activities. Angelicin can inhibit the lysis and replication of gamma herpesvirus (such as MHV-68), act in the early stages of viral infection, and may inhibit RTA gene expression (IC50=28.95 μ M). Angelicin also alleviates inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF - κ B phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, as well as inhibiting p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Angelicin downregulates anti apoptotic proteins (such as Bcl-2, Bcl xL, and Mcl-1) and activates caspase-9 and caspase-3 to induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells.

Diosmin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a monomethoxyflavone, a rutinoside, a dihydroxyflavanone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a diosmetin.

1-O-Acetylbritannilactone has anticancer activity, it suppresses angiogenesis and lung cancer cell growth possibly via regulating the VEGFR-Src-FAK signaling, it also can combine with gemcitabine elicits a potent apoptosis of lung cancer cell. 1-O-Acetylbritannilactone may serve as a novel therapeutic intervention for various cardiovascular diseases, including chronic ischemia, by regulating VEGF signaling and modulating angiogenesis; it is a potent inhibitor of LPS-stimulated VSMC inflammatory responses through blockade of NF-kappaB activity and inhibition of inflammatory gene COX-2 expression. 1-O-Acetylbritannilactone may act as potent natural skin-lightening agents, it exhibits anti-melanogenic activity by suppression of tyrosinase expression via ERK and Akt signaling.

Galangin is an agonist/antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor, and also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity. Galangin has anti-proliferation, anti-metastatic, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, antiviral, anti-allergic inflammatory,anti-obesity effects; it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of vitiligo. Galangin can inhibit Topo I activity and reduce the unwinding rate of single stranded DNNA in tumor cells, which plays an important role in induction of A549 and H46 cell apoptosis. Galangin shows an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with the IC(50) of 120 microM; it also inhibits ERK, NF-κB-p65 and proinflammatory gene expression. Galangin is a 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol.

Peiminine has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antitussive, and expectorant effects. It induces autophagic cell death thus represses colorectal carcinoma tumor growth. Peiminine can inhibit lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung injury, by reducing circulating IFN-γ levels and inhibiting signal transduction pathways involving TGF-β, CTGF, ERK1/2, NF-κB and FasL.

Zearalenone is one of the most widely distributed harmful mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species, especially deposited in corn oil. Zearalenone has been shown to cause diverse toxic effects in animals and are also suspected of disease causation in humans. It and its phase I metabolites α- and ß-zearalenol are also HSP90 ATPase inhibitors. Zearalenone is a macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and a mycoestrogen. It is a macrolide and a member of resorcinols.

Liquiritin apioside has antioxidant property by inducing glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis via the inhibition of cytokines and protected lung epithelial cells against cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress, might be as protective agent against epithelial injury in COPD. Liquiritin apioside is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

26-Deoxyactein is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite.

Harmalan is a harmala alkaloid.

Methysticin is a potent NF-kappaB inhibitor in kava with minimum toxicity, it possesses hepatotoxic, anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties, it contributes to CYP1A1 induction. Methysticin is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

Rhapontigenin has antioxidative, antihyperlipidemic, antifungal and anticancer activities. Rhapontigenin inhibits HIF-1α accumulation and angiogenesis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells, suppresses breast cancer cell migration and invasion, which is involved in inhibiting the PI3K-dependent Rac1 signaling pathway. Rhapontigenin exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Allantoin is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 5-aminohydantoin in which a carbamoyl group is attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. It has a role as a vulnerary, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione and a member of ureas. It is functionally related to a hydantoin. It is a tautomer of a 1-(5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroimidazol-4-yl)urea. Allantoin, as I-1R agonist, has the potential to develop as a new therapeutic agent for hypertension. Allantoin has memory-enhancing, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities; it can enhance the antifungal activity of Nanoencapsulation. Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth. Allantoin mediates PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signal pathway.

Bergapten is a psoralen that can be photoactivated and is capable of crossing-linking DNA, covalently modifying proteins and lipids, and consequently inhibiting cell replication. Bergapten has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent, it exhibits significant inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely tumour necrotic factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in a concentration-dependent manner. Bergapten effectively prevents LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption and survival via apoptotic response of osteoclasts and their precursors. 5-methoxypsoralen is a 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of psoralens, an organic heterotricyclic compound and a 5-methoxyfurocoumarin. It is functionally related to a psoralen.