Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether is a dimethoxyflavone that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin.

Glycyrrhizic acid has anti-tumor, antiviral ,antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory,anti-diabetic activities. It is a direct HMGB1(high mobility group box 1) inhibitor that inhibits HMGB1-dependent inflammatory molecule expression and oxidative stress; modulates P38 and P-JNK but not p-ERK signalling; Also inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Glycyrrhizinic acid is a triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. It has a role as an EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a glucosiduronic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a tricarboxylic acid, an enone and a triterpenoid saponin. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhizinate(3-).

Oleuropein aglycone is a secoiridoid that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2R,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars. Oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, hypolipidemic, in vitro antimycoplasmal , anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects., it also may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress. Oleuropein prevents oxidative myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion, and reduces viremia in duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-infected ducks. Oleuropein reduces TLR and MAPK signaling.

Theophylline is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a vasodilator agent, a drug metabolite, an anti-asthmatic drug, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an immunomodulator, a muscle relaxant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. Theophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, which is the most widely used anti-asthma drug worldwide and is classified as a bronchodilator. It has antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions, it also can antagonize flurazepam-induced depression of cerebral cortical neurons.

Atherosperminine shows cholinesterase inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Atherosperminine shows strong anti-plasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with the IC50 value of 5.80 uM, it also shows antioxidant activity in a DPPH assay with the IC50 value of 54.53 ug/mL. Atherosperminine exerts a non-specific relaxant effect on the trachealis, its major mechanism of action appears to be inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase.

Glycyrrhetinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an oxo group at position 11 and a carboxy group at position 30. It has a role as an immunomodulator and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a cyclic terpene ketone. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhetinate. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.

Alnustone is a diarylheptanoid. Alnustone has anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic and antiemetic activities. Alnustone is a non phenolic compound found in herbs and spices, and is one of the components of Alpiniae Katsumada i. Alnustone has antiemetic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Obtucarbamate A has antitussive activity, it exhibits significant inhibitory effect against neuroinflammation with the IC50 value of 10.57 uM .

Eupatilin has anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, it inhibits the MKN-1 gastric cancer cell proliferation via activation of caspase-3 and the metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells via down-regulation of NF-κB activity followed by reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated MMPs expressions. Eupatilin inhibits the signalling of MAPK, IKK, NF-κB and eotaxin-1 in bronchial epithelial cells, leading to inhibition of eosinophil migration. Eupatilin is also a promising therapeutic agent against acute ischemia-induced renal damage, it significantly increases the levels of heat shock protein 70 and B-cell lymphoma protein, and it attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and caspase-3 levels. Eupatilin is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-ulcer drug, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone.

Tenuifoliside C is a target lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, it significantly inhibits chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1.