8-Gingerol is a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and a beta-hydroxy ketone. 8-Gingerol is one of the principal components of ginger, which is widely used in China and elsewhere as a food, spice and herb, it has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and skin-whitening activities. It suppresses cellular tyrosinase activity and decrease melanin content, inhibits the expression of MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2, decreases intracellular RS and ROS levels in B16F10 and B16F1 cells, inhibits melanogenesis by down-regulation of MAPK, PKA signaling pathway. 8-gingerol can be found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) and has oral activity, activating TRPV1 with an EC50 value of 5.0 µ M. 8-gingerol inhibits COX-2 and also suppresses the growth of H. pylori in vitro. Meanwhile, 8-gingerol has anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells by suppressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and regulating its downstream STAT3/ERK pathway. 8-gingerol can also exert immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis, and regulating autophagy. In addition, 8-gingerol has cardioprotective effects and is expected to be used in research in the fields of cancer, infection, immunosuppression, and cardiovascular disease.

24-epi-brassinolide is a brassinosteroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid and a 23-hydroxy steroid.

Licoricidin, is a potent anti-metastatic agent, which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of malignant prostate cancer cells. Licoricidin and licorisoflavan A are effective in inhibiting the growth of all three bacterial species(Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Solobacterium moorei), with minimal inhibitory concentrations in the range of 2-80 ug /ml, they have a potential for reducing bacterial volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) production and therefore for controlling halitosis; they also have potential for the development of novel host-modulating strategies for the treatment of cytokine and/or MMP-mediated disorders such as periodontitis. Licoricidin may be considered as an active ingredient in new topically applied anti-ageing formulations, it blocks UVA-induced photoaging via ROS scavenging,this activity converges to limit the activity of MMP-1. Licoricidin is a member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is R-isoflavan with hydroxy groups at positions 7, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 5 and prenyl groups at positions 6 and 3'. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity. It has a role as an antibacterial agent and a plant metabolite. It is an aromatic ether, a member of hydroxyisoflavans and a methoxyisoflavan.