Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Alpha-Amyrin is trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor,it has antineoplastic,it induces proliferation of human keratinocytes.Alpha-Amyrin can as a hepatomodulatory potent to feasibility for a promising liver curative drug.

Clerosterol as a precursor of cyasterone, isocyasterone and 29-norcyasterone in biosynthesis of phytoecdysteroids of Ajuga hairy roots. Clerosterol exerts its cytotoxic effect in A2058 human melanoma cells by caspases-dependent apoptosis. Clerosterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.

Lacto-N-triaose is an oligosaccharide.

Beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc is a tetrasaccharide comprising residues of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose and glucose in a linear sequence, all joined by beta-linkages. It is a glucosamine oligosaccharide and an amino tetrasaccharide.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

2-{[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxyprop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}-5-hydroxybenzoic acid is an alkaloid and a member of benzamides.

Astilbin has insecticidal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may act as an efficient therapeutic agent for arthritis like cyclosporine A but with less toxicity, its mechanism includes a selective suppression on lymphocyte functions via reducing MMP and NO production. Astilbin can exert an early renal protective role to diabetic nephropathy (DN), inhibit production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).Astilbin also alleviates contact hypersensitivity through a unique mechanism involving a negative cytokine regulation through stimulating IL-10, which is distinct from the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A. Astilbin is a flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a monosaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a (+)-taxifolin. It is an enantiomer of a neoastilbin.

Baicalin methyl ester shows inhibitory effects on the Avian Myeloblastosis Virus reverse transcriptase (AMV-RT).

Dehydroevodiamine hydrochloride has novel anti-cholinesterase and antiamnesic activities, it inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent and non-competitive manner(IC50=37.8 microM); its potent antiamnesic effect is thought to be due to the combined effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and the known cerebral blood flow enhancement. Dehydroevodiamine hydrochloride (0.1-0.3 mg/kg iv) can increase the cerebral blood flow recorded from the surface of the supra-sylvian gyrus in anesthetized cats, suggest that it selectively increases cerebral blood flow.

Hispolon is a member of catechols.

After treatment with CVGI, Raffinose family oligosaccharide was hydrolyzed effectively to yield galactose and sucrose. AA-PCD resistance in Raffinose-grown cells occurs with a decrease in both ROS production and cytochrome c release as compared to glucose-grown cells en route to AA-PCD.