Melatonin is a member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans. It has a role as a geroprotector, a hormone, a central nervous system depressant, an anticonvulsant, a radical scavenger, an immunological adjuvant, a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a member of acetamides and a member of tryptamines. Melatonin, a hormone produced in the brain, is a potent melatonin receptor activator, and possesses important anti-cancer, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, it can reduce lead toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Melatonin may be useful as a pharmacological agent to protect against hepatic metabolic diseases due to its ability to regulate expression of miR-23a.

9-Methoxycamptothecin is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline. 9-Methoxycamptothecin is isolated from Camptotheca acuminata and exhibits anti-tumor activity by inhibiting topoisomerase. 9-Methoxycamptothecin has a potent effect on inducing apoptosis in G2/M phase cells and cancer cells.

24-epi-brassinolide is a brassinosteroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid and a 23-hydroxy steroid.

L-tryptophan is the L-enantiomer of tryptophan. It has a role as a micronutrient, an antidepressant, a nutraceutical, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, a tryptophan, an erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-tryptophanium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-tryptophanate.

28-Homobrassinolide is a brassinosteroid.