Neoeriocitrin is a flavanone glycoside that is eriodictyol substituted by a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a neohesperidoside, a trihydroxyflavanone, a disaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol. Neoeriocitrin has antioxidant capacity, it could rescue the inhibition effect of cell differentiation induced by PD98059 to some degree.Neoeriocitrin may be a new promising candidate drug for treatment of osteoporosis.

Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound, has various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-senescence, anti-hypoxia, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones. Echinacoside can improve the hematopoietic function of bone marrow in 5-FU-induced myelosuppression mice, it induces apoptotic cancer cell death by inhibiting the nucleotide pool sanitizing enzyme MTH1. Echinacoside inhibits cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation caused by ensuing rotenone exposure via activating Trk-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in neuronal cells.

Sagittatoside A selectively activates estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase activity via ERα, and sagittatoside A and icariin induces ERα phosphorylation at serine 118 residue. Sagittatoside A is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

N-acetyllactosamine is a beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(14)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.

Psoralenoside is a narture product from Psoralea corylifolia.

Baohuoside aglycone possesses cardioprotective effect in prevention of ischemia/ reperfusion injury and reduce the myocardial infraction, the mechnism is due to the reduction of the injury of free radicals. Baohuoside VII in vivo exhibits significant anti-osteoporosis activity.

Astragaloside I is a triterpenoid saponin that is cycloastragenol glycosylated at positions 3 and 6 by 2,3-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a member of oxolanes, a triterpenoid saponin and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a cycloastragenol. Astragaloside Ι may protect the cerebral tissue against the free radical damage in ischemia and inhibit the activation of BV-2 cells induced by LPS through suppressing the activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. It stimulates osteoblast differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which also activates the BMP pathway and RANK pathway.

20-hydroxyecdysone is an ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20. It has a role as an animal metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is an ecdysteroid, a phytoecdysteroid, a 3beta-sterol, a 20-hydroxy steroid, a 2beta-hydroxy steroid, a 14alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid and a 25-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to an ecdysone.

Sophoricoside has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bone loss, and immunosuppressive effects. Sophoricoside is an effective regulator of lipogenesis and glucose consumption and may find utility in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Sophoricoside exposure reduced the number of implanted embryos in a dose-dependent manner and failed the embryo implantation through altering the morphology of uterine and compromising the endometrial receptivity. Sophoricoside is an acrovestone and an isoflavonoid.