1-Kestose shows significant anti-hydroxyl radical potential. 1-Kestose can promote intestinal Lactobacillus number, and influence the microorganisms as well as the intestinal and systemic immune responses. 1-kestose is a trisaccharide found in vegetables consisting of beta-D-fructofuranose having beta-D-fructofuranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at the 1- and 2-positions respectively.

Maltohexaose is a maltohexaose hexasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. Maltohexaose is a natural saccharide, and can be produced from amylose, amylopectin and whole starch.

7-Epitaxol is the major derivative of taxol found in cells and taxol (paclitaxel) is a well-known natural-source cancer drug.

Kamebakaurin has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities through direct inhibition of DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50; it has anti-neuroinflammatory activity via inhibition of c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in activated microglial cells. Kamebakaurin inhibits the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its target genes to confer antitumor activity. Kamebakaurin also has the ability to protect the liver from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, presumably by both inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

Maltoheptaose is a maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.

L-fucitol is the L-enantiomer of fucitol. It is found in nutmeg. It has a role as an antibacterial agent and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a D-fucitol. L-Fucitol inhibited the galactitol-positive strains of Escherichia coli K12.

Glucosinalbin is an alkylglucosinolate.

Fructooligosaccharide is carbohydrate-based polymers derived from natural sources that can be utilized by certain gastrointestinal tract bacteria but not by the host animal.

Taraxasterol acetate is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite.

Maltopentaose is a maltopentaose pentasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.