Indirubin is a potent cyclin-dependent kinases and GSK-3β inhibitor with IC50 of about 5 μM and 0.6 μM. Indirubin has anticancer, anti-inflammatory,antiviral,anti-allergic contact dermatitis effects. Each indirubin derivative acts on the DNA binding of NF-Y and represses the MDR1 gene promoter with tumor cell-type specificity.Indirubin derivatives have a potential to be used as an adjunct to antiviral therapy for the treatment of severe human H5N1 disease.

Chrysazin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite.

Catharanthine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound and monoterpenoid indole alkaloid produced by the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus via strictosidine. It is a methyl ester, a bridged compound, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid ester, a tertiary amino compound and a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a catharanthine(1+). Catharanthine inhibits nicotinic receptor mediated diaphragm contractions with IC50 of 59.6 μM, it dilates small mesenteric arteries and decreases heart rate and cardiac contractility by inhibition of voltage-operated calcium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes.

Tectochrysin is a monohydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antidiarrhoeal drug and a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a monohydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone.

Cephalomannine is a taxol derivative with antitumor, antiproliferative properties, it shows cytotoxicity in human glial and neuroblastoma cell-lines.

cis-Khellactone is a natural product from Angelica sinensis.

Omacetaxine mepesuccinate is a cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent, an antineoplastic agent, a protein synthesis inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. It is a tertiary alcohol, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid ester and an enol ether. It is functionally related to a cephalotaxine. Homoharringtonine, a plant alkaloid with antitumor and antileukemic properties, inhibit protein translation by preventing the initial elongation step of protein synthesis via an interaction with the ribosomal A-site. Homoharringtonine might have clinical activity in some patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.

Mosloflavone is an ether and a member of flavonoids. Mosloflavone is an antifungal and radical scavenging 2-hydroxyflavanone, it possesses strong anti-EV71 activity and decreased the formation of visible cytopathic effects, it also inhibits virus replication during the initial stage of virus infection, and inhibits viral VP2 protein expression, thereby inhibiting viral capsid protein synthesis. Mosloflavone shows promising anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β with IC50 values of 16.4 uM and 6.4 uM, respectively; it shows dose-dependent inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS levels in the supernatant of mouse macrophage cell line J774A, it also can be used as a starting point to discover lead structures for treatment of inflammatory and immunomodulatory diseases. Mosloflavone extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has anti EV71 activity. Mosloflavone inhibits VP2 virus replication and protein expression during the initial stage of viral infection, as well as suppresses virus VP2 capsid protein synthesis. Mosloflavone is a promising fungicide that can inhibit the virulence and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa