Chebulinic acid is a potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, also can inhibit SMAD-3 phosphorylation, inhibit H+ K+-ATPase activity; it also is a natural inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor-A mediated angiogenesis. Chebulinic acid has hypotensive, antioxidant, anti-HIV, and anti-ulcer activities. Chebulinic acid has inhibitory effect on erythroid differentiation likely through changing transcriptional activation of differentiation relative genes, it or other tannins might influence the efficiency of some anti-tumor drugs-induced differentiation or the hematopoiesis processes.

Hecogenin, a steroid saponin isolated from Agave sisalana, is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of UGT1A4 with an IC50 value of 1.5 μM. Hecogenin has anti-cancer, antiproliferative,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it can protect gastro by K⁺(ATP) channels opening and the COX-2/PG pathway. Hecogenin has inhibition of human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cell survival, the effect is associated with increased apoptosis, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2.

14-Deoxyandrographolide has hepatoprotective activity, mediates activation of adenylate cyclase-cAMP signaling leading to up-regulation of cNOS, may provide a promising approach in the prevention of liver diseases during chronic alcoholism. It desensitizes hepatocytes to TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis through the release of TNFRSF1A.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Brusatol, a Nrf2 inhibitor, has dual anti-hepatitis C virus and anticancer effects and can enhance the comparable effects of sorafenib. Brusatol-mediated inhibition of c-Myc/ROS signaling pathway increases HIF-1α degradation by promoting PHD activity and induces cell death in colorectal cancer under hypoxia. It inhibits the response of cultured beta-cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Brusatol also shows antitrypanosomal activity against trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma evansi.

(-)-Pinoresinol 4-O-glucoside is a natural product from Lonicera japonica THUNB. (+)-Pinoresinol 4-O-glucoside is a glycoside and a lignan.

Panaxydol has anti-cancer activity, can inhibit the growth and apoptosis of cancer cells, the signaling mechanisms involve a [Ca(2+)](i) increase, JNK and p38 MAPK activation, cAMP, MAP kinase and ROS generation through NADPH oxidase and mitochondria. It induces the differentiation in C6 cells, may through a PI 3-K-dependent pathway. Panaxydol is a natural product found in Panax ginseng. It is an epoxide, an acetylenic compound and an olefinic compound.

Pimpinellin has phototoxic, it acts as antagonist of proteins with GABA receptor activity. Pimpinellin has anti- inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. Pimpinellin also has anti-bacterial activity, it shows inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Ra , with MICs of 812 uM and IC50s of 389 uM.

(+)-lyoniresinol-3-alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a lignan that is (+)-lyoniresinol substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the root barks of Stemmadenia minima and Lycium chinense, it exhibits antimicrobial activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agent.

Sarsasapogenin 3-O-4G-rhamnosylsophoroside is a triterpenoid.

Isocurcumenol inhibits 5α-reductase which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

Didymin is a citrus-derived natural compound that kills p53 wild-type as well as drug-resistant p53-mutant neuroblastoma cells in culture, it induces apoptosis by inhibiting N-Myc and upregulating RKIP in neuroblastoma. Didymin possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer properties.