Geraniin is a TNF-α releasing inhibitor with numerous activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, has anti-oxidant , and anti-hyperglycemic activities, with an IC50 of 43 μM. Geraniin presents radioprotective effects by regulating DNA damage on splenocytes, exerting immunostimulatory capacities and inhibiting apoptosis of radiosensitive immune cells and jejunal crypt cells. Geraniin induces Nrf2-mediated expression of antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO1, presumably via PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby protecting cells from H2O2-induced oxidative cell death.

2''-O-Galloylhyperin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

(-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate is a gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida. It has a role as a metabolite, an EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor and an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor. It is a catechin, a polyphenol and a gallate ester. It is functionally related to a gallic acid and a (-)-epicatechin. (-)-Epicatechin gallate can effectively stimulates osteoblast differentiation, it has antioxidative effect against lipid peroxidation when phospholipid bilayers are exposed to aqueous oxygen radicals.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Theaflavin-3-gallate has anticancer and apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung carcinoma, it acts as prooxidants and induce oxidative stress, with carcinoma cells more sensitive than normal fibroblasts. Theaflavin-3-gallate can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation.

Chiisanoside has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-rotaviral activities, it can inhibit xanthine oxidase activity and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase, it also inhibits NO and PGE2 production. Chiisanoside has the potential to prevent obesity as a lipase inhibitor which suppresses fat absorption in vivo.

Myricetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is myricetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a pentahydroxyflavone, a beta-D-galactoside, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a myricetin and a beta-D-galactose. Myricetin 3-O-galactoside has cytotoxicity, antioxidant, anti-genotoxic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, the effects are related to peripheral inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis, mainly inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

Neoisoastilbin may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Lobetyolin has a protective role in gastric mucosa injury, and the mechanism may be relate to the increase in level of 6-K-PGF1αand the inhibition the excretion of gastric acid and EGF. Lobetyolin inhibits the gene expression of MUC5AC mucin induced by PMA.

Baicalin is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. It has a role as an antiatherosclerotic agent, an anticoronaviral agent, an EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor, a ferroptosis inhibitor, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 3.4.21. Baicalin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotection actions, it is a known prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, affects the GABA receptors, and reduces the expression of NF-κB. Baicalin may have significant therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

(−)Epicatechin is a flavonoid present in cocoa, green tea and red wine. It is a strong antioxidant, has antinociceptive, insulin mimic actions and improves heart health; it has the potential to increase CREB-regulated gene expression and increase GluR2 levels and thus modulate neurotransmission, plasticity and synaptogenesis. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM; it inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. (-)-epicatechin is a catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a catechin and a polyphenol. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-epicatechin.

Dehydrotrametenolic acid is a promising candidate for a new type of insulin-sensitizing drug; it can be a potential anticancer agent against H-ras transformed tumor.

Eupatoriochromene retard seed germination , reduced radicle and hypocotyl growth of weed and crop plant seedlings and increased adventitious root formation of mung bean cuttings. Eupatoriochromene has insecticidal activity, it exhibits toxicity againstCulex pipiens (house mosquito) larvae andOncopeltus fasciatus (large milkweed bug) nymphs.