Baicalin is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. It has a role as an antiatherosclerotic agent, an anticoronaviral agent, an EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor, a ferroptosis inhibitor, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 3.4.21. Baicalin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotection actions, it is a known prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, affects the GABA receptors, and reduces the expression of NF-κB. Baicalin may have significant therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

L-asparagine is an optically active form of asparagine having L-configuration. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, an asparagine, an aspartate family amino acid and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-asparaginium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-asparaginate. It is an enantiomer of a D-asparagine. L-asparaginase is effective in suppressing cellular immunity and inducing remission in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, mainly a non-B-cell disease.The enhancing action of L-asparagine upon insulin release evoked by L-leucine is attributable to an increased generation rate of cytosolic NADPH rather than any increase in nutrients oxidation.

Anemoside B4(AB4) and tetrandrine(Tet) have some reversal effect on resistant to L-OHP in Lo Vo/L-OHP cells, the molecular mechanism of the resistance reverse effect was related to down-regulation of P-gp for AB4 and down-regulation of z DHHC9 for Tet. Anemoside B4 can inhibit the production of IL-6,secretion of IL-8, downregulate E-selectin expression, and decrease the content of TXB(2), it reduces inflammatory response, thus relieving intestinal dysfunction via multiple pathways. Anemoside B4 may potentially have a capacity to regulate immune responses in vivo via changes in production of these select cytokines by infected endothelial cells.

Aloenin A is a glycoside. Aloenin A are active principles for inhibition of c-ADH and c-ALDH activities in vitro. Aloenin (Aloenin A) is a natural product with effective activity in scavenging peroxide free radicals and moderate inhibitory activity against β - secretase (BACE) (IC50=14.95 μ g/mL). Aloenin also inhibits the release of histamine in rat peritoneal mast cells.

Baohuoside I is a novel immunosuppressive molecule, exhibits antimetastatic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Baohuoside I can inhibit the proliferation of Eca-109 cells, this effect associats with down-regulation expression of β-catenin,Cyclin D1,Survivin,and their proteins,which affects on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Icariside II is a glycosyloxyflavone that is 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into its alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.

Leonuride is a glycoside and an iridoid monoterpenoid.