Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside with a wide range of biological activities, including pancreas-protective, chondroprotective, antispasmodic, liver-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities. Aucubin prevents neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats with diabetic encephalopathy, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Aucubin may improve obesity-induced atherosclerosis by attenuating TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses. Aucubin suppresses hepatitis B viral DNA replication in vitro. Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite.

Arbutin is a monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a hydroquinone. Arbutin is a tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.09 mM, which has gastroprotective, whitening, anti- age, anti-oxidant , anti-inflammatory, a depigmenting effects and UVB/ UVC filter. Arbutin has mutagenicity in mammalian cells after activation by human intestinal bacteria. Arbutin (β - Arbutin) is a widely present natural polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Arbutin is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase in melanocytes, with a Kiapp value of 1.42 mM for monophenolase and 0.9 mM for diphenolase. Arbutin is also used as a decolorizer.

Benzoylpaeoniflorin is active against cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 and COX-2 enzymes, it can restrain apoptosis of rats with coronary heart diseases by increasing the levels of Bc1-2 and decreasing the levels of Bax. Benzoylpaeoniflorin is a terpene glycoside. It has a role as a metabolite.

Beta-benzoyloxypaeoniflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with formula C30H32O13, isolated from several species of Paeoniae. It has a role as a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a bridged compound, a lactol, an O-acyl carbohydrate, a cyclic acetal, a monoterpene glycoside and a 4-hydroxybenzoate ester.

7-O-Methyl morroniside is a natural product from Lonicera morrowii. 7-O-Methyl morroniside is a iridoid glycoside (IG) extracted from Cornus officinalis and used in many traditional Chinese medicines

Pulchinenoside A3 is a triterpenoid. Anemoside A3 is an attractive candidate for further development as a cognitive enhancer capable of alleviating memory dysfunctions associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Anemoside A3 also produces relaxation in rat renal arteries through multiple mechanisms.

Amygdalin is an amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a (R)-mandelonitrile. Amygdalin has antifibrotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, amygdalin joint HSYA could inhibit the degeneration of the endplate chondrocytes derived from intervertebral discs of rats induced by IL-1beta and better than the single use of Amygdalin or HSYA. Amygdalin induces apoptotic cell death in human DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by caspase-3 activation through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax. Amygdalin is a plant glucoside isolated from the nucleus of rose fruits, such as apricots, peaches, almonds, cherries, and plums.

Gallotannin is a class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose). It is functionally related to a gallic acid.

Agnuside is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pro-angiogenic agent and a plant metabolite. Agnuside has anti-arthritic activity, it also shows inhibition of vascular permeability and leukocyte migration in vivo.It inhibited an array of pro-inflammatory mediators (PGE(2) and LTB(4)) and T-cell-mediated cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17). Agnuside can be used in research on asthma, inflammation, and vascular diseases. Agnuside is an orally effective compound that can be extracted from Huangjing.