Avicularin is a quercetin O-glycoside in which an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Juglans regia and Foeniculum vulgare. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is an alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a quercetin O-glycoside. Avicularin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of ERK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells; it inhibits the accumulation of the intracellular lipids by decreasing C/EBPα-activated GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in adipocytes and potently inhibiting fatty acid synthase.

Baicalin is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. It has a role as an antiatherosclerotic agent, an anticoronaviral agent, an EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor, a ferroptosis inhibitor, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 3.4.21. Baicalin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotection actions, it is a known prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, affects the GABA receptors, and reduces the expression of NF-κB. Baicalin may have significant therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

Aristolochic acid B is an aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions and by a nitro group at position 10. It has a role as a metabolite, a mutagen, a carcinogenic agent and a nephrotoxin. It is a member of aristolochic acids, a monocarboxylic acid, an aromatic ether, a C-nitro compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a cyclic acetal. Aristolochic acid B, one of the major components of the carcinogenic plant extract aristolochic acid, is known to be mutagenic and to form DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo, AAII shows more carcinogenic risk than aristolochic acid I, and this may be, at least partly, the result of its increased levels in kidney and plasma. Aristolochic acid B is an orally active major component of aristolochic acid (AA). Aristolochic acid B can be isolated from plants of the Aristolochia genus. Aristolochic acid B can form DNA adducts. Aristolochic acid B has mutagenicity. Aristolochic acid B exhibits a greater carcinogenic risk in vivo than Aristolochic acid I (HY-N0510).

Aloin B is a C-glycosyl compound that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by a 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-yl moiety (the 9R diastereoisomer). It has a role as a metabolite and a laxative. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a member of phenols, a cyclic ketone and a member of anthracenes. Dietary supplementation of aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model, in particular, aloesin is the most potent inhibitor. The extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin cause melanin aggregation leading to skin lightening via alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation. Aloin B (Isobalaloin) is an orally active SARS-CoV-2 papain like protease (PLpro) inhibitor with IC50 values of 16.08 (hydrolytic activity) and 17.51 (deubiquitinase activity) μ M. Aloin B can be broken down into aloe emodin 9-anthrone by the gut microbiota of rats to exert its laxative effect. Aloin B can inhibit TPA (HY-18739) - induced ear edema, elevated levels of putrescine, and tumor promoting effects in mouse skin. Aloin B can be used in the research of anti inflammation and inhibition of tumor promotion, novel coronavirus pneumonia (covid-19) and constipation.

Bellidin is a member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite, a mutagen, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor and a radical scavenger. It is a tetrol and a member of xanthones. It is functionally related to a xanthone.