Apigenin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-).

5,7-Dihydroxychromone is a member of chromones.

Aurantio-obtusin is a trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,3,7-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 8, and by a methyl group at position 6.

5-O-Methylvisammioside is a naturally occuring product isolated from Saposhnikovia Divaricata and has analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation effects.

Acetylshikonin can effectively inhibit tumor cells, it can be used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma cells expressing hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX) by inducing ER stress , an oncoprotein from hepatitis B virus. Acetylshikonin inhibits the production of eicosanoid, is due to the attenuation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) membrane recruitment via the decrease in [Ca(2+)](i) and to the blockade of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activity. Acetylshikonin is an orally effective anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti fertility, antibacterial, and neuroprotective agent. Acetylshikonin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC50=34.6 μ M) and non selective cytochrome P450.Acetylshikonin can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acetylshikonin can regulate blood sugar, liver fat metabolism and renal fibrosis, and is used in the study of diabetes, diabetes nephropathy (DN), obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Albiflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a benzoate ester, a gamma-lactone and a monoterpene glycoside. Albiflorin has anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant-like effects. Albiflorin may reduce or prevent osteoblast degeneration in osteoporosis, and may promote the recovery of bone marrow hemopoietic function in a myelosuppressed mouse model, it has neuroprotective effect on primary hippocampal cells against β-amyloid induced toxicity. Albiflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects that can cross the blood-brain barrier. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties.

4''-O-Glucosylvitexin is a C-glycosyl compound and a member of flavonoids.

Agrimol B has antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lacrymans (bacterial leaf spot pathogen), Ralstonia solanacearum (tomato bacterial wilt pathogen) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Tobacco wild fire pathogen). Agrimol B has a therapeutic potential on alleviating obesity, through modulation of SIRT1-PPARγ signal pathway. Agrimol B is a polyphenol and an orally effective SIRT1 activator. Agrimol B as anti adipogenic and anticancer activities. Agrimol B has antibacterial activity against plant pathogens. Agrimol B significantly inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by reducing the expression of PPAR γ, C/EBP α, FAS, UCP-1, and apoE. The effect of Agrimol B on cancer cells may be attributed to its effects on c-MYC, SKP2, and p27.

5-O-Demethylnobiletin is an ether and a member of flavonoids. 5-0-Demethylnobiletin has anti-inflammatory activity, it may act through a direct inhibition of 5-LOX, without affecting the expression of COX-2. 5-O-Demethylnobiletin is a multi methoxyflavone isolated from Citrus jambhiri Lush. It is a direct inhibitor of 5-LOX (IC50=0.1 μ M) and does not affect the expression of COX-2. 5-O-Demethylnobiletin has anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the formation of leukotriene B (4) (LTB4) in rat neutrophils and the release of elastase in human neutrophils, with an IC50 value of 0.35 μ M

Beta-benzoyloxypaeoniflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with formula C30H32O13, isolated from several species of Paeoniae. It has a role as a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a bridged compound, a lactol, an O-acyl carbohydrate, a cyclic acetal, a monoterpene glycoside and a 4-hydroxybenzoate ester.

7-O-Methyl morroniside is a natural product from Lonicera morrowii. 7-O-Methyl morroniside is a iridoid glycoside (IG) extracted from Cornus officinalis and used in many traditional Chinese medicines

Delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside is an anthocyanin cation consisting of delphinidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside and an anthocyanin cation. It is functionally related to a delphinidin. It is a conjugate acid of a delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine.

Aloin B is a C-glycosyl compound that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by a 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-yl moiety (the 9R diastereoisomer). It has a role as a metabolite and a laxative. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a member of phenols, a cyclic ketone and a member of anthracenes. Dietary supplementation of aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model, in particular, aloesin is the most potent inhibitor. The extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin cause melanin aggregation leading to skin lightening via alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation. Aloin B (Isobalaloin) is an orally active SARS-CoV-2 papain like protease (PLpro) inhibitor with IC50 values of 16.08 (hydrolytic activity) and 17.51 (deubiquitinase activity) μ M. Aloin B can be broken down into aloe emodin 9-anthrone by the gut microbiota of rats to exert its laxative effect. Aloin B can inhibit TPA (HY-18739) - induced ear edema, elevated levels of putrescine, and tumor promoting effects in mouse skin. Aloin B can be used in the research of anti inflammation and inhibition of tumor promotion, novel coronavirus pneumonia (covid-19) and constipation.

3,6,7-Trimethylquercetagetin is a trimethoxyflavone that is the 3,6,7-trimethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin. It has a role as a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a trihydroxyflavone and a trimethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetagetin.

2''-Rhamnosylvitexin is a derivative of vitexin having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 2''-position of the glucitol moiety. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a trihydroxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a vitexin. It is a conjugate acid of a vitexin 2''-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside(1-).

Aloin is a diastereoisomeric mixture of aloin A (barbaloin) and aloin B (isobarbaloin), which have similar properties. It is a bitter-tasting, yellow-brown colored compound found in the exudate of at least 68 Aloe species at levels of up to 6.6% of leaf dry weight (making between 3% and 35% of the total exudate), and in another 17 species at indeterminate levels. It is used as a stimulant-laxative, treating constipation by inducing bowel movements. It has a role as a laxative and an EC 1.14.18. Aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) show anti-inflammatory effects, they can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model. Aloin shows tyrosinase activity, it could be used as lightening agents in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders and cosmetic additives. Aloin is a potent proapoptotic agent, it showed a pronounced antiproliferative effect at physiological concentration (IC50 = 97 microM), caused cell cycle arrest in the S phase and markedly increased HeLaS3 cell apoptosis (to 24%). Aloin (Aloin-A; Barbaloin-A) is a natural anti-tumor anthraquinone glycoside with iron chelation activity. Aloin induces differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts through the MAPK mediated Wnt and Bmp signaling pathways. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, and its activity is also enhanced by Aloin. Aloin can alleviate brain edema, reduce blood-brain barrier damage, and improve cortical shock injury. Aloin can be used for research on osteoporosis and traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Bellidin is a member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite, a mutagen, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor and a radical scavenger. It is a tetrol and a member of xanthones. It is functionally related to a xanthone.

Baicalein is a trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7. It has a role as an EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent, a ferroptosis inhibitor, a geroprotector, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antifungal agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a radical scavenger, a hormone antagonist, a prostaglandin antagonist, an EC 1.13.11. Baicalein has neuroprotective, anticancer, antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects, it inhibits mTORC1 pathway and PI3K kinase activity. Baicalein is mainly due to autophagic cell death through activation of the AMPK/ULK1 pathway and inhibition of mTOR/Raptor complex 1 expression; it can induce cancer cell death and proliferation retardation by the inhibition of CDC2 kinase and survivin associated with opposite role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT.

L-methionine is the L-enantiomer of methionine. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, an antidote to paracetamol poisoning, a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, a methionine, an aspartate family amino acid and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-methioninium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-methioninate. It is an enantiomer of a D-methionine. It is a tautomer of a L-methionine zwitterion. L-Methionine is marker of cell viability and estimating proliferative activity. L-Methionine and L-cystine can improve hyperlipidemia by restoring LPL and HSL activities, it also might be a new potential drug for Parkinson's disease treatment.