Shikonin is a natural red naphthoquinone pigment, has antimicrobial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects; a purified shikonin preparation is widely used for the production of medicinals, cosmetics, and some food products; shikonin also enters into the antiinflammatory ointment and cream compositions used for the treatment of burns. It can suppress the cell viability, adhesion, invasion and migratory ability of MGC-803 cells through TLR2- or NF-κB-mediated pathway.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A is a C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).

Bornyl acetate shows highly active whitening and antioxidant activities, has potential applications in cosmeceutical materials. Bornyl acetate has anti-inflammatory activity, may be developed as a preventive agent for lung inflammatory diseases and osteoarthritis; it also has an antiabortive effect through modulation of immunological balance at maternal-fetal interface.

Isokaempferide shows hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects, the anti-inflammatory effects can be explained, at least in part, by reducing neutrophil degranulation, myeloperoxidase activity, mediators as well as TNF-alpha secretion. Isokaempferide is used as a bronchodilator, can induce relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea. 3-methoxyapigenin is a trihydroxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin.

Arctiin is a glycoside and a lignan. Arctiin, a plant lignan that can be extracted from the Arctium lappa (burdock) seeds, is a possible environmental endocrine disruptor compounds and have been shown to influence sex hormone metabolism as well as protein synthesis, steroid biosynthesis. Arctiin has been reported to have preventing obesity, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects in vitro. Arctiin inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the inhibition of PPARγ and C/EBPα and the activation of AMPK signaling pathways. Arctiin also has a protective effect on ROS-induced cell dysfunction in HHDPCs and may therefore be useful for alopecia prevention and treatment strategies. Arctiin is an orally active NF - κ B inhibitor. Arctiin inhibits the expression of cyclin D1 protein in human tumor cells. Arctiin can also reduce levels of malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Arctiin can be used for the study of glomerulonephritis.

Zingibroside R1 has anti-HIV-1 activity.

Bergenin is a potent antinarcotic agent, has antiviral ,antifungal, antiarrhythmic, antitumor, antiinflammatory, potent immunomodulatory, antitussive, antiulcerogenic,anti-plasmodial, anti-hepatotoxic and wound healing activities. Bergenin has antidiabetic activity, could be classified as a new group of α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bergenin reduces the expression of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways, and it may represent a novel treatment strategy for mastitis. Bergenin is a natural product found in Cenostigma gardnerianum. It has a role as a metabolite.

Hexahydrocurcumin has in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, it has potential beneficial effects as a food and/or dietary supplement. Hexahydrocurcumin has cytotoxic effect, may prove useful in cancer prevention, it together with 5-fluorouracil exerts a synergistic effect and may prove chemotherapeutically useful in treating human colon cancer. Hexahydrocurcumin is also an anti-atherosclerogenic agent in humans, can inhibit platelet aggregation in the treatment of human platelet-rich plasma.

Baicalein is a trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7. It has a role as an EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent, a ferroptosis inhibitor, a geroprotector, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antifungal agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a radical scavenger, a hormone antagonist, a prostaglandin antagonist, an EC 1.13.11. Baicalein has neuroprotective, anticancer, antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects, it inhibits mTORC1 pathway and PI3K kinase activity. Baicalein is mainly due to autophagic cell death through activation of the AMPK/ULK1 pathway and inhibition of mTOR/Raptor complex 1 expression; it can induce cancer cell death and proliferation retardation by the inhibition of CDC2 kinase and survivin associated with opposite role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT.

Epimagnolin A affects the transport activity of ABCB1(a major transmembrane efflux pump belonging to the ABC transporter superfamily), it also exhibits growth inhibitory activity against larvae of Drosophila melanogaster.