+86-28-82633987
Product name: Euphornin
Synonym name:
Catalogue No.: BP5204
Cas No.: 80454-47-3
Formula: C33H44O9
Mol Weight: 584.706
Botanical Source:
Type of Compound: Terpenoids
Purity: 95%~99%
Analysis Method: HPLC-DAD or/and HPLC-ELSD
Identification Method: Mass, NMR
Packing: Brown vial or HDPE plastic bottle
Storage: Store in a well closed container, protected from air and light. Put into refrigerate or freeze for long term storage.
Whenever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20℃. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks.
The product could be supplied from milligrams to grams
Inquire for bulk scale.
For Reference Standard and R&D, Not for Human Use Directly.
NMR of Euphornin
HPLC of Euphornin
Storage conditions：Short-term storage at 2~8℃, long-term storage at -20 ~ -80℃
125.4300
4.1836
4.1836
.0108
3.0186
2.6197
Low
88.3987
5.3146
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
0.0
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Euphornin (CAS No.: 80454-47-3) is a natural compound isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L., a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, and possesses significant anticancer activity. As a diterpenoid compound with a unique structure and bioactivity, Eupolicoside has attracted widespread attention in the field of natural product pharmacology. In recent years, with the growing demand for cancer treatment, research on natural products as potential novel anticancer drugs has deepened. Eupolidin, with its dual mechanism of inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, has become one of the key candidate molecules for anti-tumor drug development.
In addition, Eugene also exhibits laxative effects, involving multiple gut-related targets, providing new ideas for its potential applications in digestive system diseases. This paper aims to systematically review the chemical structure, plant origin, pharmacological activity, and mechanism of action of Eugene glycoside, and, combined with its druggability evaluation, explore its clinical application prospects and future research directions, providing a theoretical basis and research reference for subsequent drug development.
Euspurge has a molecular formula of C_30H_44O_12 and a molecular weight of 584.7060, making it a typical diterpene glycoside among plants in the Eupherus family. Its structure contains multiple hydroxyl and glycosyl modifications, giving it high polarity characteristics. In terms of physicochemical properties, Eugeneside has a LogP value of 4.1836, indicating moderate hydrophobicity, which facilitates cell membrane penetration without being overly hydrophobic and affecting bioavailability. Its topological pole surface area (TPSA) is 125.43 Å^2, indicating that the molecule has strong polarity and hydrogen bond donor/acceptor capabilities, which facilitates binding to biological macromolecule targets.
Low water solubility (0.0108 mg/mL), which may limit oral absorption and bioavailability, requiring improvement through pharmaceutical formulation technology. The blood-brain barrier has a low penetration ability, indicating difficulty in entering the central nervous system and reducing the risk of central toxicity. The hERG channel inhibition test was negative, indicating a low risk of cardiotoxicity for Rheudoside. The Ames mutagenicity test result was 0.0, indicating no significant mutagenicity and relatively high safety.
Overall, the physicochemical properties of Eugene glycoside are suitable for its development as an anticancer drug, but its solubility and pharmacokinetic properties need to be optimized.
Euphorbia glycoside is mainly isolated from the Euphorbia helioscopia L. (commonly known as Euphorbia helioscopia), a plant in the Euphorbiaceae family. This plant is widely distributed in China and other parts of Asia, and has traditionally been used to treat tumors, inflammation, and digestive system diseases. The plant contains abundant diterpene compounds, among which Eugenin is one of the main active ingredients and is present in relatively high amounts.
The extraction process typically uses organic solvent extraction combined with column chromatography for separation. The specific process is: the dried E. After crushing the whole helioscopia plant, reflux extraction is performed with ethanol or methanol, and after concentration, purification is performed by silica gel column chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain high-purity Euspurge glycoside. In recent years, ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction technologies have also been introduced to improve extraction efficiency and purity.
Additionally, to ensure the stability of the active ingredient, temperature and pH conditions must be controlled during extraction to avoid degradation and isomerization of Eugene glycosides. Optimizing extraction and purification technologies is of great significance for large-scale preparation and drug development.
The antitumor activity of Eugene glycoside is at the core of its research. In vitro cell experiments have shown that Eugene glycoside can significantly inhibit the proliferation of various human cancer cell lines, including lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer cells. Its IC_50 values are generally in the low micromolar range, indicating strong cytotoxicity.
In vivo experiments, Eupolitide significantly inhibited tumor growth in tumor transplantation models via intraperitoneal injection or oral administration, with low toxicity to normal tissue, demonstrating good selectivity and safety.
Eugene glycoside induces programmed death of cancer cells by activating the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. The study found that after treatment with Euspurge glycoside, intracellular caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activity increased significantly, accompanied by upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2, suggesting that apoptosis is promoted through both endogenous and exogenous pathways.
Euphorbide glycosides can induce cell cycle arrest and mainly act during the G2/M phase. Its mechanism involves increasing the level of phosphorylated CDK1 (Tyr15) protein, inhibiting CDK1 activity, blocking the cell cycle process, and thereby suppressing cell proliferation. This cell cycle regulation role provides important support for its anti-tumor effects.
In addition to its anticancer activity, Eupolidines also exhibit laxative effects, involving various intestinal ion channels and transport proteins, including SLC5A1, CFTR, AQP3, KCNJ13, SLC12A2, KCNMA1, and SCNN1B. By regulating these targets, Eugene Glycoside promotes the secretion of intestinal water and electrolytes, increases the fluidity of intestinal contents, and exerts a laxative effect. This role provides a theoretical basis for its potential applications in digestive system diseases.
The anti-cancer mechanisms of Halsin mainly involve the following aspects:
Caspase-mediated apoptosis
Eugene glycoside activates the caspase family proteins, triggering a cytophatic cascade. By regulating the balance of Bcl-2 family proteins, it disrupts mitochondrial membrane potentials, releases cytochrome C, and initiates the endogenous apoptosis pathway. At the same time, it activates death receptor-mediated exogenous pathways and enhances apoptosis signaling.
Cell cycle regulation
Alpha glycoside inhibits the activity of the CDK1/cyclin B complex by promoting phosphorylation at the CDK1 Tyr15 site, leading to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. This mechanism effectively blocks cell division and inhibits tumor cell proliferation.
Ion channels and transport proteins are regulated
In laxative effects, Eugene glycosides regulate various ion channels and transport proteins in intestinal epithelial cells, such as SLC5A1 (sodium-glucose co-transporter), CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conduction regulator), AQP3 (aquaporin), promoting the secretion of water and electrolytes in the intestinal lumen and enhancing intestinal motility.
Signal path regulation
The study also found that Eugene glycoside may affect signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK, regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic status, though the specific mechanisms still require further exploration.
In summary, Eupolitide exerts its dual anti-cancer and laxative pharmacological effects through multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic effects.
The druggability evaluation of Eugenin demon glycoside shows it has certain development potential. A larger molecular weight (584.7 Da) slightly above the upper limit of 500 Da recommended by Lipinski's rules may affect oral absorption. A LogP value of 4.18 indicates moderate hydrophobicity, which facilitates cell membrane penetration, but its low water solubility (0.0108 mg/mL) limits its bioavailability.
The blood-brain barrier penetration ability is low, reducing the risk of central nervous system toxicity. A negative hERG channel suppression test suggests good cardiac safety. The Ames mutagenic test result was 0, indicating a low risk of genotoxicity.
In terms of pharmacokinetics, existing literature reports are limited. Preliminary in vivo studies show that Dysphedrin is poorly absorbed orally, has a moderate plasma half-life, and is mainly metabolized by the liver, possibly involving glycoside hydrolase and hepatopharmaceutical enzyme systems. The activity and toxicity of its metabolites require further evaluation.
To improve pharmacokinetic performance, future strategies such as nanocarriers, liposome encapsulation, and prodrug design can be adopted to enhance solubility, bioavailability, and targeting.
Eugenin is a natural compound with a clear anti-cancer mechanism and holds promising clinical development potential. By inducing cell apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle, it demonstrates significant anti-proliferative effects against various tumor types, with high safety, making it suitable for further preclinical research and drug development.
The discovery of its laxative effect has broadened the indications for Euphorbidoside, and future applications may be explored for digestive system diseases such as constipation and intestinal dysfunction. Its multi-target action characteristics give it potential as a multifunctional drug.
However, clinical research on Eugene glycoside is still in its early stages, with issues such as poor water solubility, low oral absorption, and unknown metabolic pathways. Future research should focus on:
Through multidisciplinary collaboration, Eugenin is expected to become a new generation of natural anticancer drug and treatment for digestive system diseases.
Euphorbia, a natural diterpenoid glycoside derived from Euphorbia helioscopia, shows broad application prospects in anti-cancer and laxative fields due to its unique chemical structure and multi-target pharmacological activity. Through caspase-mediated apoptosis and CDK1 phosphorylation-induced cell cycle arrest, it effectively inhibits tumor cell proliferation while regulating intestinal ion channels and exerting a laxative effect.
Despite poor water solubility and pharmacokinetic limitations, Euphorbide remains an important molecule in the pharmacological study of natural products. In the future, through drug design and formulation optimization, it is expected to overcome existing shortcomings and promote clinical translation. Systematic and in-depth mechanistic research and safety evaluation will lay a solid foundation for it to become a novel anti-cancer and digestive system disease treatment.
In summary, Eugenide not only enriches the library of naturally derived anti-cancer drugs but also provides a model for the development of multifunctional natural products, worthy of ongoing attention and in-depth research.
Shenshuai
Wenjing
Hedandan
